Memmler's The Human Body in Health
& Disease Chapter 14 Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
The Heart
✓ One way blood circuit.
Apex
✓ Inferior pointed tip of heart directed toward the left.
Base
✓ Superior, for attachment of the large vessels that carry blood in and out of the heart.
Endocardium
✓ Inner heart layer, smooth for easy blood flow.
Myocardium
✓ The cardiac muscle, thickest part, pumps.
Epicardium
✓ Outermost part, serous membrane, the sac. aka the Pericardium, has 2 layers.
Fibrous Layer
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✓ Outer layer of the pericardium, anchored to the diaphragm and sternum.
Serous Layer
✓ Lines the sac, folds over the heart, has 3 layers.
Visceral Epicardium
✓ Serous Membrane inner layer of the outer most layer (pericardium), directly covering the
outer surface of the heart.
Parietal Pericardium
✓ Outer Layer of the Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
✓ Contains pericardial fluid that reduces friction on the heart.
Cardiac Muscle (Myocadrium)
✓ Has striated, branching cells, each with a nucleus and many mitochandria that require a
lot of O2 to work.
Intercalated Discs
✓ Cardiac cells that are connected for the rapid transfer of impulses from one end of the
heart to the other so the heart beats in a coordinated manner.
Atria
✓ Two top heart chambers.
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