HESI MILESTONE 3 REMEDIATION 2024|2025 ACTUAL
200+ EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES| VERIFIED
|GUARANTEED A+
A 10-year-old child has undergone a cardiac catheterization through the left femoral
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
artery. During a post procedural assessment, the nurse finds the left foot is pulseless
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
and cool to touch. Which is the likely cause?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. hemorrhage
,‘`
B. hematoma ,‘`
C. fasciculation
,‘`
D. tamponade – ans B. hematoma
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Cardiac catheterization is a routine diagnostic procedure; however, it is not without
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
risks. Loss of pulse in the catheterized extremity is likely due to a hematoma and
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
requires immediate intervention to restore circulation.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A 10-year-old client with a recent history of playing in the woods, presents to the school
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
nurse's clinic with localized skin eruptions on the hands and feet which are streaked,
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
consisting of blisters discharging clear fluid that are painful and itchy. What should the
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
school nurse suspect to be the causative agent?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. sun burn ,‘` ,‘`
B. poison ivy
,‘` ,‘`
C. insect bite
,‘` ,‘`
D. heat rash,‘` ,‘`
Contact with the oil called "Urushiol" which is found in poison ivy, oak and sumac may
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
produce an allergic reaction. Symptoms include localized, streaked, or oozing blisters.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
These skin lesions are usually painful and itchy. - ans
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A 10-year-old client with asthma arrives at an urgent care clinic with apparent bronchial
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
constriction. Which class of drugs should the nurse expect to be administered for this
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
condition?
,‘`
A. methylxanthines
,‘`
B. anticholinergic
,‘`
C. long-acting beta2 agonists
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. oral corticosteroids – ans D. oral corticosteroids
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Corticosteroids are fast-acting anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to treat reversible ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
airflow obstruction, control symptoms, and reduce bronchial constriction with the fewest
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
side effects.
,‘` ,‘`
A 12-month-old client is being discharged with a body spica cast. Which information
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
should the nurse include in the parents' discharge teaching plan?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
,A. foul odor from cast may indicate infection or skin breakdown
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
B. pillows should not be placed under cast
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
C. the child can safely transported in a stroller
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. use pillows to elevate the child's head – ans A. foul odor from cast may indicate
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
infection or skin breakdown
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Care of a child in a body spica cast can be challenging for parents at home. Skin under
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
the cast should be protected from injury and debris, so parents should be instructed
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
that a foul odor from the cast can be indicative of skin breakdown or infection and to
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
contact their health care provider.
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A 12-year-old athlete reports severe ankle pain and an audible "popping" sound in the
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
ankle after a fall at soccer practice. The nurse upon inspection observes moderate
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
swelling, bruising, and joint instability. Initial radiographs of the ankle appear normal.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Which type of injury should the nurse suspect?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. strain ,‘`
B. sprain ,‘`
C. fracture ,‘`
D. dislocation – ans B. Sprain
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
The ankle is a common site for sprain injuries. Ankle sprains can range from mild (grade
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
1) to severe (grade 3), with complete tearing of a ligament in the most severe sprains.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A "popping" sound is likely an indication of a partial or complete ligament tear; joint
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
instability may be detected at the end-ranges of passive motion.
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A 15-year-old client presents with a lump and persistent pain in the right upper thigh
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
area, and is subsequently diagnosed with a high-grade osteosarcoma. The nurse
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should anticipate which plan of treatment for this client?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. hot/cold topical applications
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
B. amputation of the limb
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C. electrical stimulation therapy
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. prolonged immobilization – ans B. amputation of the limb
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in childhood and considered one of the ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
most fatal. Treatment generally includes chemotherapy and amputation of the affected
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limb. As of today, there is no meedical set plan of care.
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A child diagnosed with HIV is being enrolled in a new school. Who has the right to
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
inform the school of this child's HIV status?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. doctors or nurses
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
B. social workers
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C. parents or legal guardians
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D. child welfare department – ans C. parents or legal guardians
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Confidentiality is a major issue in school attendance. The parents or legal guardians ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
have the right to decide whether or not to inform the school of their child's HIV status.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A child has been diagnosed with chicken pox and the nurse teaches the parent not to
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
give the child aspirin. Which condition may result when a child with chickenpox is given
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
aspirin?
,‘`
,A. Reye's syndrome
,‘` ,‘`
B. Huntingtons disease
,‘` ,‘`
c. Raynaud syndrome
,‘` ,‘`
D. purpura disorder – ans A. reye's syndrome
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Reye's syndrome is a rare, but serious condition that causes brain and liver damage
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
that has been linked with aspirin use in children, when given to treat a viral infections,
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
such as chicken pox. Reye's syndrome can be prevented by avoiding the use of aspirin
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
in children.
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A child is admitted with a diagnosis of suspected acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Which test is performed to confirm this diagnosis of childhood leukemia?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. cerebral spinal fluid analysis
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B. bone marrow aspiration
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C. CBC ,‘`
D. genetic testing – ans B. bone marrow aspiration
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
ALL is a form of cancer in which high numbers of abnormal white blood cells are
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produced. A bone marrow biopsy that reveals primary blast cells is confirmation of a
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leukemia.
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A child is brought to the emergency department after ingesting a large amount of
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
household drain cleaner. Which is the nurse's first priority when caring for this client?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. perform NG suctioning
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B. Assess and maintain an open airway
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C. give small amounts of water to ingest
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D. Obtain chest and abdomen radiographs – ans B. assess and maintain an open
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airway
,‘`
Ingestion of corrosive household agents may cause airway obstruction due to rapidly
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developing laryngeal edema. The first priority is to assess and monitor the client's
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airway.
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A child recently underwent cardiac surgery and is admitted with a suspected diagnosis
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of infective endocarditis. Which presentation should the nurse expect when assessing
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
this client?
,‘` ,‘`
A. bradycardia, lethargy, speech disturbances
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B. high fever, irregular movement of joints, involuntary facial grimaces
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c. tachycardia, chest pain, swollen and painful joints
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. low grade fever, anorexia, splinter hemorrhages under the nails – ans D. low grade
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fever, anorexia, splinter hemorrhages under the nails
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Children who undergo cardiac surgery are at higher risk for infection. Common clinical
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signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis are unexplained fever (low-grade and
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
intermittent), anorexia, malaise, and splinter hemorrhages under the nails
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A child with severe burns begins to exhibit decreased level of consciousness and
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
lethargy four days after being admitted to the burn unit. The nurse's assessment
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
reveals a low-grade fever, but the client's other vital signs are stable. The nurse should
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
be alert for which potential complication?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
, A. respiratory failure
,‘` ,‘`
B. dehydration
,‘`
C. sepsis ,‘`
D. hypovolemia – ans C. sepsis
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Dead tissue and exudate associated with burned skin provides a fertile field for bacterial
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
growth. If the burn site is contaminated with infectious material, sepsis may occur.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Decreased level of consciousness and lethargy are early signs of sepsis.
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A five-year-old client who had been prescribed amoxicillin, presents to the clinic with
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
urticaria. Which medication is recommended for initial treatment of this condition?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. epinephrine
,‘`
B. diphenhydramine
,‘`
C. ibuprofen,‘`
D. doxepin – ans B. diphenhydramine
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Medications are a common cause of anaphylaxis in children. Acute urticaria, also known ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
as hives, is a skin reaction common side effect associated with amoxicillin. First-line
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
treatment consists administration of an antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine orally,
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followed by hydrocortisone topically dependent upon the severity of the urticaria.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A mother brings in a three-year-old child who has respiratory rate of 36 breathes per
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
minute; heart rate of 160 beats per minute; weaken and thready pulse; and pale and
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
sweaty skin. The nurse suspects the child is going into shock which action should the
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
nurse perform first?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. obtain ABG's
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
B. obtain vitals
,‘` ,‘`
C. administer O2
,‘` ,‘`
D. Establish IV access – ans C. Administer oxygen
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
When providing care to a child in shock, the nurse's priority is to ensure adequate
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
oxygenation. The nurse should administer oxygen or provide assistance in establishing
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
an airway. The best way to remember the order of priority of care to be given is the
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
"ABCs"; airway, bleeding and circulation
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A nurse has obtained a weight of 17.6 pounds (8 kg) for a 15-month-old child. The
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
child's ideal body weight is 26.4 pounds (12 kg). How should be the nurse interpret this
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
body weight?
,‘` ,‘`
A. normal variation
,‘` ,‘`
B. mild wasting
,‘` ,‘`
C. moderate wasting
,‘` ,‘`
D. severe wasting – ans D. severe wasting
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
This child has a body weight 66% less than the ideal body weight for this age (15
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
months). A body weight less than 70% of the ideal body weight is defined as severe
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
wasting.
,‘`
A nurse is assessing a three year old diagnosed with psoriasis. Which is a common
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
treatment for most forms of psoriasis?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. exfoliation
,‘` ,‘`
200+ EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES| VERIFIED
|GUARANTEED A+
A 10-year-old child has undergone a cardiac catheterization through the left femoral
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
artery. During a post procedural assessment, the nurse finds the left foot is pulseless
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
and cool to touch. Which is the likely cause?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. hemorrhage
,‘`
B. hematoma ,‘`
C. fasciculation
,‘`
D. tamponade – ans B. hematoma
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Cardiac catheterization is a routine diagnostic procedure; however, it is not without
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
risks. Loss of pulse in the catheterized extremity is likely due to a hematoma and
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
requires immediate intervention to restore circulation.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A 10-year-old client with a recent history of playing in the woods, presents to the school
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
nurse's clinic with localized skin eruptions on the hands and feet which are streaked,
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
consisting of blisters discharging clear fluid that are painful and itchy. What should the
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
school nurse suspect to be the causative agent?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A. sun burn ,‘` ,‘`
B. poison ivy
,‘` ,‘`
C. insect bite
,‘` ,‘`
D. heat rash,‘` ,‘`
Contact with the oil called "Urushiol" which is found in poison ivy, oak and sumac may
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
produce an allergic reaction. Symptoms include localized, streaked, or oozing blisters.
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
These skin lesions are usually painful and itchy. - ans
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
A 10-year-old client with asthma arrives at an urgent care clinic with apparent bronchial
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
constriction. Which class of drugs should the nurse expect to be administered for this
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
condition?
,‘`
A. methylxanthines
,‘`
B. anticholinergic
,‘`
C. long-acting beta2 agonists
,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. oral corticosteroids – ans D. oral corticosteroids
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Corticosteroids are fast-acting anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to treat reversible ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
airflow obstruction, control symptoms, and reduce bronchial constriction with the fewest
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
side effects.
,‘` ,‘`
A 12-month-old client is being discharged with a body spica cast. Which information
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
should the nurse include in the parents' discharge teaching plan?
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
,A. foul odor from cast may indicate infection or skin breakdown
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
B. pillows should not be placed under cast
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
C. the child can safely transported in a stroller
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
D. use pillows to elevate the child's head – ans A. foul odor from cast may indicate
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
infection or skin breakdown
,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
Care of a child in a body spica cast can be challenging for parents at home. Skin under
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the cast should be protected from injury and debris, so parents should be instructed
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that a foul odor from the cast can be indicative of skin breakdown or infection and to
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contact their health care provider.
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A 12-year-old athlete reports severe ankle pain and an audible "popping" sound in the
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ankle after a fall at soccer practice. The nurse upon inspection observes moderate
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swelling, bruising, and joint instability. Initial radiographs of the ankle appear normal.
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Which type of injury should the nurse suspect?
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A. strain ,‘`
B. sprain ,‘`
C. fracture ,‘`
D. dislocation – ans B. Sprain
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The ankle is a common site for sprain injuries. Ankle sprains can range from mild (grade
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1) to severe (grade 3), with complete tearing of a ligament in the most severe sprains.
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A "popping" sound is likely an indication of a partial or complete ligament tear; joint
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instability may be detected at the end-ranges of passive motion.
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A 15-year-old client presents with a lump and persistent pain in the right upper thigh
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area, and is subsequently diagnosed with a high-grade osteosarcoma. The nurse
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should anticipate which plan of treatment for this client?
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A. hot/cold topical applications
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B. amputation of the limb
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C. electrical stimulation therapy
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D. prolonged immobilization – ans B. amputation of the limb
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Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in childhood and considered one of the ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
most fatal. Treatment generally includes chemotherapy and amputation of the affected
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limb. As of today, there is no meedical set plan of care.
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A child diagnosed with HIV is being enrolled in a new school. Who has the right to
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inform the school of this child's HIV status?
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A. doctors or nurses
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B. social workers
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C. parents or legal guardians
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D. child welfare department – ans C. parents or legal guardians
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Confidentiality is a major issue in school attendance. The parents or legal guardians ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
have the right to decide whether or not to inform the school of their child's HIV status.
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A child has been diagnosed with chicken pox and the nurse teaches the parent not to
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give the child aspirin. Which condition may result when a child with chickenpox is given
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aspirin?
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,A. Reye's syndrome
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B. Huntingtons disease
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c. Raynaud syndrome
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D. purpura disorder – ans A. reye's syndrome
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Reye's syndrome is a rare, but serious condition that causes brain and liver damage
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that has been linked with aspirin use in children, when given to treat a viral infections,
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such as chicken pox. Reye's syndrome can be prevented by avoiding the use of aspirin
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in children.
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A child is admitted with a diagnosis of suspected acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
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Which test is performed to confirm this diagnosis of childhood leukemia?
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A. cerebral spinal fluid analysis
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B. bone marrow aspiration
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C. CBC ,‘`
D. genetic testing – ans B. bone marrow aspiration
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ALL is a form of cancer in which high numbers of abnormal white blood cells are
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produced. A bone marrow biopsy that reveals primary blast cells is confirmation of a
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leukemia.
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A child is brought to the emergency department after ingesting a large amount of
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household drain cleaner. Which is the nurse's first priority when caring for this client?
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A. perform NG suctioning
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B. Assess and maintain an open airway
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C. give small amounts of water to ingest
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D. Obtain chest and abdomen radiographs – ans B. assess and maintain an open
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airway
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Ingestion of corrosive household agents may cause airway obstruction due to rapidly
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developing laryngeal edema. The first priority is to assess and monitor the client's
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airway.
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A child recently underwent cardiac surgery and is admitted with a suspected diagnosis
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of infective endocarditis. Which presentation should the nurse expect when assessing
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this client?
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A. bradycardia, lethargy, speech disturbances
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B. high fever, irregular movement of joints, involuntary facial grimaces
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c. tachycardia, chest pain, swollen and painful joints
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D. low grade fever, anorexia, splinter hemorrhages under the nails – ans D. low grade
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fever, anorexia, splinter hemorrhages under the nails
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Children who undergo cardiac surgery are at higher risk for infection. Common clinical
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signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis are unexplained fever (low-grade and
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intermittent), anorexia, malaise, and splinter hemorrhages under the nails
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A child with severe burns begins to exhibit decreased level of consciousness and
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lethargy four days after being admitted to the burn unit. The nurse's assessment
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reveals a low-grade fever, but the client's other vital signs are stable. The nurse should
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be alert for which potential complication?
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, A. respiratory failure
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B. dehydration
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C. sepsis ,‘`
D. hypovolemia – ans C. sepsis
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Dead tissue and exudate associated with burned skin provides a fertile field for bacterial
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growth. If the burn site is contaminated with infectious material, sepsis may occur.
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Decreased level of consciousness and lethargy are early signs of sepsis.
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A five-year-old client who had been prescribed amoxicillin, presents to the clinic with
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urticaria. Which medication is recommended for initial treatment of this condition?
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A. epinephrine
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B. diphenhydramine
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C. ibuprofen,‘`
D. doxepin – ans B. diphenhydramine
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Medications are a common cause of anaphylaxis in children. Acute urticaria, also known ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘` ,‘`
as hives, is a skin reaction common side effect associated with amoxicillin. First-line
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treatment consists administration of an antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine orally,
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followed by hydrocortisone topically dependent upon the severity of the urticaria.
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A mother brings in a three-year-old child who has respiratory rate of 36 breathes per
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minute; heart rate of 160 beats per minute; weaken and thready pulse; and pale and
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sweaty skin. The nurse suspects the child is going into shock which action should the
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nurse perform first?
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A. obtain ABG's
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B. obtain vitals
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C. administer O2
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D. Establish IV access – ans C. Administer oxygen
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When providing care to a child in shock, the nurse's priority is to ensure adequate
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oxygenation. The nurse should administer oxygen or provide assistance in establishing
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an airway. The best way to remember the order of priority of care to be given is the
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"ABCs"; airway, bleeding and circulation
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A nurse has obtained a weight of 17.6 pounds (8 kg) for a 15-month-old child. The
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child's ideal body weight is 26.4 pounds (12 kg). How should be the nurse interpret this
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body weight?
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A. normal variation
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B. mild wasting
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C. moderate wasting
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D. severe wasting – ans D. severe wasting
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This child has a body weight 66% less than the ideal body weight for this age (15
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months). A body weight less than 70% of the ideal body weight is defined as severe
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wasting.
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A nurse is assessing a three year old diagnosed with psoriasis. Which is a common
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treatment for most forms of psoriasis?
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A. exfoliation
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