2024 NR283 PATHO EXAM 2 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects - CORRECT-ANSWERS•
Pallor and cyanosis
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea on exertion and tachypnea
• A squatting position, often seen in toddlers and older children
• Clubbed fingers (thick, bulbous fingertips) developed in time
• A marked intolerance for exercise and exposure to cold weather
• Delayed growth and development
which valves are usually affected with valvular defects? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSaortic and pulmonary valves
What is stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSnarrowing of a valve which restricts
the forward flow of blood
Left sided heart failure - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. dysPnea, Shortness of breath
2. Crackles
3. Oliguria
4. Frothy Sputum
5. Displaced Apical Pulse (Hypertrophy)
right sided heart failure - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Jugular Vein Distention
2. Dependent Edema
3. Weight Gain
4. enlarged liver and spleen
5. fatigue
6. peripheral venous pressure
What is leukemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERScancer of white blood cells
acute leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSonset usually abrupt, occurs primarily
in children and younger adults. High proportion of immature nonfunctional
cells in bone marrow and peripheral circulation
chronic leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERShigher proportion of mature cells but
with reduced function, insidious onset, common in older adults, better
prognosis than acute.
,signs and symptoms of acute leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrequent or
uncontrolled infections, petechiae, signs of anemia, severe and steady bone
pain, weight loss, fatigue, possible fever, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and
liver, headache, visual disturbances, drowsiness and vomitting
What are the complications of leukemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSopportunistic
infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, congestive heart failure,
hemorrhage, liver failure, renal failure, CNS depression and coma
What is dyscrasia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSa pathologic condition of the blood
that usually refers to disorders involving the cellular components of blood
What is oxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT-ANSWERSHemoglobin with oxygen
attached (bright red in color).
What is deoxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT-ANSWERShemoglobin without oxygen
Basic diagnostic blood test - CORRECT-ANSWERSComplete blood count (CBC)
What can chemical analysis of the blood determine? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSerum levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid, cholesterol, urea,
glucose and bilirubin.
Inspiration is when - CORRECT-ANSWERSair moves from atmosphere in to
the lungs
expiration is when - CORRECT-ANSWERSair moves from lungs into
atmosphere
The accumulation of fluids in the pleural space is called:
a. Pleural effusion
b. Hemothorax
c. Hydrothorax
d. Pyothorax - CORRECT-ANSWERSpleural effusion
An emergency room nurse is assessing a female client who has sustained a
blunt injury to the chest wall. Which of these signs would indicate the
presence of a pneumothorax in this client?
a. A low respiratory
b. Diminished breathe sounds
c. The presence of a barrel chest
d. A sucking sound at the site of injury - CORRECT-ANSWERSDiminished
breath sounds
, A female client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolus. A nurse
assesses the client, knowing that which of the following is a common clinical
manifestation of pulmonary embolism?
a. Dyspnea
b. Bradypnea
c. Bradycardia
d. Decreased respiratory - CORRECT-ANSWERSDyspnea
A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes
that the client has a "barrel chest." The nurse interprets that this client has
which of the following forms of chronic airflow limitations?
a. Emphysema
b. Bronchial asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Bronchial asthma and bronchitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSEmphysema
What is atelectasis? - CORRECT-ANSWERScollapse of the alveoli in the lung
prevents normal exchange of O2 and co2
hypoventilation occurs
In planning a patient education session, the nurse sees one area of focus for
Healthy People 2010 is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which
of the following information should the nurse include in the education
session to address this focus area? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmoking cessation
Where is the primary control center for breathing? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSlocated in the medulla and pons
What happens with hypercapnia - CORRECT-ANSWERScarbon dioxide levels
in the blood increase, lowered pH, hyperventilation which causes respiratory
acidosis.
What happens with hypoxemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDecrease in oxygen
what happens with hypocapnia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCaused by low carbon
dioxide concentration in blood, excessive amounts of carbon dioxide expired
which causes respiratory alkalosis
What bacteria usually causes lobar pneumonia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSstreptococcus
What are some manifestations of lobar pneumonia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHigh fever with chills, rales, productive cough with rust colored
sputum, confusion and disorientation
CORRECT ANSWERS
Signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects - CORRECT-ANSWERS•
Pallor and cyanosis
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea on exertion and tachypnea
• A squatting position, often seen in toddlers and older children
• Clubbed fingers (thick, bulbous fingertips) developed in time
• A marked intolerance for exercise and exposure to cold weather
• Delayed growth and development
which valves are usually affected with valvular defects? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSaortic and pulmonary valves
What is stenosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSnarrowing of a valve which restricts
the forward flow of blood
Left sided heart failure - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. dysPnea, Shortness of breath
2. Crackles
3. Oliguria
4. Frothy Sputum
5. Displaced Apical Pulse (Hypertrophy)
right sided heart failure - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Jugular Vein Distention
2. Dependent Edema
3. Weight Gain
4. enlarged liver and spleen
5. fatigue
6. peripheral venous pressure
What is leukemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERScancer of white blood cells
acute leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSonset usually abrupt, occurs primarily
in children and younger adults. High proportion of immature nonfunctional
cells in bone marrow and peripheral circulation
chronic leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERShigher proportion of mature cells but
with reduced function, insidious onset, common in older adults, better
prognosis than acute.
,signs and symptoms of acute leukemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSfrequent or
uncontrolled infections, petechiae, signs of anemia, severe and steady bone
pain, weight loss, fatigue, possible fever, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and
liver, headache, visual disturbances, drowsiness and vomitting
What are the complications of leukemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSopportunistic
infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, congestive heart failure,
hemorrhage, liver failure, renal failure, CNS depression and coma
What is dyscrasia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSa pathologic condition of the blood
that usually refers to disorders involving the cellular components of blood
What is oxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT-ANSWERSHemoglobin with oxygen
attached (bright red in color).
What is deoxyhemoglobin? - CORRECT-ANSWERShemoglobin without oxygen
Basic diagnostic blood test - CORRECT-ANSWERSComplete blood count (CBC)
What can chemical analysis of the blood determine? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSerum levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid, cholesterol, urea,
glucose and bilirubin.
Inspiration is when - CORRECT-ANSWERSair moves from atmosphere in to
the lungs
expiration is when - CORRECT-ANSWERSair moves from lungs into
atmosphere
The accumulation of fluids in the pleural space is called:
a. Pleural effusion
b. Hemothorax
c. Hydrothorax
d. Pyothorax - CORRECT-ANSWERSpleural effusion
An emergency room nurse is assessing a female client who has sustained a
blunt injury to the chest wall. Which of these signs would indicate the
presence of a pneumothorax in this client?
a. A low respiratory
b. Diminished breathe sounds
c. The presence of a barrel chest
d. A sucking sound at the site of injury - CORRECT-ANSWERSDiminished
breath sounds
, A female client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolus. A nurse
assesses the client, knowing that which of the following is a common clinical
manifestation of pulmonary embolism?
a. Dyspnea
b. Bradypnea
c. Bradycardia
d. Decreased respiratory - CORRECT-ANSWERSDyspnea
A nurse is assessing a male client with chronic airflow limitations and notes
that the client has a "barrel chest." The nurse interprets that this client has
which of the following forms of chronic airflow limitations?
a. Emphysema
b. Bronchial asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Bronchial asthma and bronchitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSEmphysema
What is atelectasis? - CORRECT-ANSWERScollapse of the alveoli in the lung
prevents normal exchange of O2 and co2
hypoventilation occurs
In planning a patient education session, the nurse sees one area of focus for
Healthy People 2010 is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which
of the following information should the nurse include in the education
session to address this focus area? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmoking cessation
Where is the primary control center for breathing? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSlocated in the medulla and pons
What happens with hypercapnia - CORRECT-ANSWERScarbon dioxide levels
in the blood increase, lowered pH, hyperventilation which causes respiratory
acidosis.
What happens with hypoxemia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDecrease in oxygen
what happens with hypocapnia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCaused by low carbon
dioxide concentration in blood, excessive amounts of carbon dioxide expired
which causes respiratory alkalosis
What bacteria usually causes lobar pneumonia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSstreptococcus
What are some manifestations of lobar pneumonia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHigh fever with chills, rales, productive cough with rust colored
sputum, confusion and disorientation
