NURS 611 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Mitochondria - ANSWER This organelle produces ATP
Ribosome - ANSWER This structure makes protein
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER This structure packages and ships proteins out of the cell
Nucleus - ANSWER Reservoir of genetic material
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER A cell organelle composed of a maze of passages in
which proteins and other materials are transported from one part of the cell to another.
Synthesis steroid hormones and folds proteins
Nucleolus - ANSWER ribosome synthesis
visicle - ANS Delivers proteins that are secretes to their destinations
Lysosomes - ANS An organelle containing digestive enzymes
What is the difference between eukaryote and prokaryote? - ANS Eukaryote has
membrane bound organelles and a nucleus; prokaryote has genetic material free
floating in a cell membrane
Q: What's the difference between nucleolus and nucleus? - ANWER The nucleolus is
inside the nucleus, made up of RNA, and contains most of the cellular DNA.
What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments? - ANSWER
,Microtubules add strength to the cell structure, they support and move organelles from
one part of the cytoplasm to another. Also, they facilitate nerve implied and take part in
inflammatory and immune response.
Microfilaments are the smallest fibrils that occur in bundles; they link the interior cell to
the adjacent cells. They also play a critical role in the regulation of the growth of the cell
and providing the force needed for pinching the cell into two.
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? - ANSWER Hydrophilic is
water loving and hydrophobic is water fearing.
What is the difference between a lysosome and peroxisome? -ANSWER-lysomes:
contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules to their component parts
-peroxisome: oxidative enzymes important in producing hydrogen peroxide and other
reactive oxygen species
proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called -ANSWER
histones
Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide as a defensive weapon synthesize
it in their -ANSWER peroxisomes
A section of a membrane that is rich in cholesterol and helps to organize membrane
proteins is called a lipid __________. - ANSWER raft
The cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called - ANSWER fibroblasts
The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular members is called - ANSWER
Hydrostatic
A __ solution has the same osmolality as normal body fluids - ANSWER Isotonic
, a myocyte is a - ANSWER muscle cell
ligand - ANSWER A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger
one.
Caveolae - ANSWER pouchlike infoldings that sequester bits of extracellular fluid
containing a high concentration of Ca2+ close to the membrane; when calcium channels
open here Ca2+ influx occurs rapidly. May be important locations for receptors or for
entry of molecules into the cell.
Mechanotransduction - ANSWER translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals
Amphipathic molecules- ANSWER possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
Endocytosis- ANSWER The process by which a cell ingests extracellular material by in
folding its plasma membrane.
Peroxisomes- ANSWER Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, and other harmful chemicals.
the cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called - ANSWER fibroblasts ("fiber
formers"), local cells that are present in the matrix. The matrix and the cells within it are
known collectively as connective tissue because they connect cells together to form
tissue and organs.
examples of cell adaptation - ANSWER atrophy, hypertrophy, hyerplasia, and metaplasia
Atrophy-ANSWER decrease or shrinkage in cellular size, most common in skeletal
muscle, the heart, secondary sex organs and the brain.
How does atrophy occur?-ANSWER physiological occurs with early development, and
pathological atrophy occurs in result of decreases of workload, use, pressure, blood
supply, nutrition, hormone stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
Mitochondria - ANSWER This organelle produces ATP
Ribosome - ANSWER This structure makes protein
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER This structure packages and ships proteins out of the cell
Nucleus - ANSWER Reservoir of genetic material
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER A cell organelle composed of a maze of passages in
which proteins and other materials are transported from one part of the cell to another.
Synthesis steroid hormones and folds proteins
Nucleolus - ANSWER ribosome synthesis
visicle - ANS Delivers proteins that are secretes to their destinations
Lysosomes - ANS An organelle containing digestive enzymes
What is the difference between eukaryote and prokaryote? - ANS Eukaryote has
membrane bound organelles and a nucleus; prokaryote has genetic material free
floating in a cell membrane
Q: What's the difference between nucleolus and nucleus? - ANWER The nucleolus is
inside the nucleus, made up of RNA, and contains most of the cellular DNA.
What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments? - ANSWER
,Microtubules add strength to the cell structure, they support and move organelles from
one part of the cytoplasm to another. Also, they facilitate nerve implied and take part in
inflammatory and immune response.
Microfilaments are the smallest fibrils that occur in bundles; they link the interior cell to
the adjacent cells. They also play a critical role in the regulation of the growth of the cell
and providing the force needed for pinching the cell into two.
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? - ANSWER Hydrophilic is
water loving and hydrophobic is water fearing.
What is the difference between a lysosome and peroxisome? -ANSWER-lysomes:
contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules to their component parts
-peroxisome: oxidative enzymes important in producing hydrogen peroxide and other
reactive oxygen species
proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called -ANSWER
histones
Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide as a defensive weapon synthesize
it in their -ANSWER peroxisomes
A section of a membrane that is rich in cholesterol and helps to organize membrane
proteins is called a lipid __________. - ANSWER raft
The cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called - ANSWER fibroblasts
The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular members is called - ANSWER
Hydrostatic
A __ solution has the same osmolality as normal body fluids - ANSWER Isotonic
, a myocyte is a - ANSWER muscle cell
ligand - ANSWER A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger
one.
Caveolae - ANSWER pouchlike infoldings that sequester bits of extracellular fluid
containing a high concentration of Ca2+ close to the membrane; when calcium channels
open here Ca2+ influx occurs rapidly. May be important locations for receptors or for
entry of molecules into the cell.
Mechanotransduction - ANSWER translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals
Amphipathic molecules- ANSWER possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
Endocytosis- ANSWER The process by which a cell ingests extracellular material by in
folding its plasma membrane.
Peroxisomes- ANSWER Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, and other harmful chemicals.
the cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called - ANSWER fibroblasts ("fiber
formers"), local cells that are present in the matrix. The matrix and the cells within it are
known collectively as connective tissue because they connect cells together to form
tissue and organs.
examples of cell adaptation - ANSWER atrophy, hypertrophy, hyerplasia, and metaplasia
Atrophy-ANSWER decrease or shrinkage in cellular size, most common in skeletal
muscle, the heart, secondary sex organs and the brain.
How does atrophy occur?-ANSWER physiological occurs with early development, and
pathological atrophy occurs in result of decreases of workload, use, pressure, blood
supply, nutrition, hormone stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
