Memmler Ch. 12 Exam Questions
Verified Correct Answers
Endocrine system - Answers -✔✔ consists of a group of glands that produces
hormones
-works with the nervous system
Hormones - Answers -✔✔ -regulatory chemicals
-chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain cells or organs
-are released directly into surrounding tissue fluids and diffuse into the blood stream
Target tissue - Answers -✔✔ the specific tissue acted on by each hormone
Receptors - Answers -✔✔ are in the cells that make up target tissue
-are in the PM or within the cytoplasm to which the hormone attaches
Amino acid compounds - Answers -✔✔ these hormones are proteins or related
compoinds also made of amino acids
-includes all hormones except those in the adrenal cortex and the sex glands
Steroids - Answers -✔✔ hormones derived from the steroid cholesterol, a type of lipid
-Are produced by the adrenal cortex and the sex glands
Pituitary - Answers -✔✔ -a gland about the size of a cherry
-located in a saddle-like depression of the sphenoid bone, just posterior to the point
where the optic nerves cross
-is mostly surrounded by bone
-connects to the hypothalamus with the infundibulum stalk
-has an anterior and posterior lobes
Anterior lobe of the pituitary - Answers -✔✔ is a true endocrine gland, composed of
epithelial tissue
-its cells are controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus
Posterior lobe of the pituitary - Answers -✔✔ -is not a true endocrine gland
-has axons and axon terminals of neurons that originate in the hypothalamus
-2 hormones: antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, which are produced in the
hypothalamus and stored here
Andidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answers -✔✔ -promotes the reabsorption of water form
the kidney tubules and thus decreases water excretion
-a large amount causes contraction of smooth muscle in BV walls and raises blood
pressure
, -an inadequate amount causes excessive water loss
Diabetes insipidus - Answers -✔✔ -results from inadequate amounts of ADH and has
excessive water loss
Oxytocin - Answers -✔✔ causes uterine contractions and triggers milk ejection from the
breasts
Growth hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: gigantism (children), Acromegaly
(adults)
-Hyposecretion: dwarfism (children)
-aka somatotropin
-acts directly on most body tissues, promoting protein manufacture that is essential for
growth
Antidiuretic hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone
-Hypo: Diabetes insipidus
Aldosterone - Answers -✔✔ -Hyper: aldosteronism
-Hypo: Addison Disease
Cortisol - Answers -✔✔ -Hyper: Cushing syndrome
-Hypo: Addison disease
Thyroid hormone - Answers -✔✔ Hyper: Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis
Hypo: Infantile and adult hypothyroidism
Insulin - Answers -✔✔ Hyper: hypoglycema
Hyposecretion: Diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia
-secreted by islets
-produced by beta cells
-involved in glucose regulation thru negative feedback
-promotes overall tissue building
-activated by eating
Parathyroid hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: bone degeneration
-Hypo: Tetany (muscle spasms)
Releasing hormones - Answers -✔✔ -secretions that control the hormone-producing
cells of the anterior pituitary
-travel to the anterior pituitary via the portal system
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Answers -✔✔ -thyrotropin
-stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Verified Correct Answers
Endocrine system - Answers -✔✔ consists of a group of glands that produces
hormones
-works with the nervous system
Hormones - Answers -✔✔ -regulatory chemicals
-chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain cells or organs
-are released directly into surrounding tissue fluids and diffuse into the blood stream
Target tissue - Answers -✔✔ the specific tissue acted on by each hormone
Receptors - Answers -✔✔ are in the cells that make up target tissue
-are in the PM or within the cytoplasm to which the hormone attaches
Amino acid compounds - Answers -✔✔ these hormones are proteins or related
compoinds also made of amino acids
-includes all hormones except those in the adrenal cortex and the sex glands
Steroids - Answers -✔✔ hormones derived from the steroid cholesterol, a type of lipid
-Are produced by the adrenal cortex and the sex glands
Pituitary - Answers -✔✔ -a gland about the size of a cherry
-located in a saddle-like depression of the sphenoid bone, just posterior to the point
where the optic nerves cross
-is mostly surrounded by bone
-connects to the hypothalamus with the infundibulum stalk
-has an anterior and posterior lobes
Anterior lobe of the pituitary - Answers -✔✔ is a true endocrine gland, composed of
epithelial tissue
-its cells are controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus
Posterior lobe of the pituitary - Answers -✔✔ -is not a true endocrine gland
-has axons and axon terminals of neurons that originate in the hypothalamus
-2 hormones: antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, which are produced in the
hypothalamus and stored here
Andidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answers -✔✔ -promotes the reabsorption of water form
the kidney tubules and thus decreases water excretion
-a large amount causes contraction of smooth muscle in BV walls and raises blood
pressure
, -an inadequate amount causes excessive water loss
Diabetes insipidus - Answers -✔✔ -results from inadequate amounts of ADH and has
excessive water loss
Oxytocin - Answers -✔✔ causes uterine contractions and triggers milk ejection from the
breasts
Growth hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: gigantism (children), Acromegaly
(adults)
-Hyposecretion: dwarfism (children)
-aka somatotropin
-acts directly on most body tissues, promoting protein manufacture that is essential for
growth
Antidiuretic hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: Syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone
-Hypo: Diabetes insipidus
Aldosterone - Answers -✔✔ -Hyper: aldosteronism
-Hypo: Addison Disease
Cortisol - Answers -✔✔ -Hyper: Cushing syndrome
-Hypo: Addison disease
Thyroid hormone - Answers -✔✔ Hyper: Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis
Hypo: Infantile and adult hypothyroidism
Insulin - Answers -✔✔ Hyper: hypoglycema
Hyposecretion: Diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia
-secreted by islets
-produced by beta cells
-involved in glucose regulation thru negative feedback
-promotes overall tissue building
-activated by eating
Parathyroid hormone - Answers -✔✔ -Hypersecretion: bone degeneration
-Hypo: Tetany (muscle spasms)
Releasing hormones - Answers -✔✔ -secretions that control the hormone-producing
cells of the anterior pituitary
-travel to the anterior pituitary via the portal system
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Answers -✔✔ -thyrotropin
-stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
