Nursing 115 Study Guide Test 4

Four major categories of health care services - Health Promotion Illness Prevention Diagnosis and Treatment Rehabilitation and Long Term Define Health Promotion - Assists patients to remain healthy Prevent diseases and injuries Detect diseases earlier Promote healthy lifestyles Detection of warning signs Examples: prenatal classes, aerobic classes and smoking cessation classes Define Illness Prevention - Identify risk factors, such as family history Assists patients in reducing risk factors Major difference from health promotion is that disease addresses the major problem after the risk factors have been identified Define Diagnosis and Treatment - Emphasis is the heaviest Primary focus of the medical community Modern technology has helped Define Rehabilitation - Rehabilitation: patient meets goals, has milestones Define Long term Care - Provides care for individuals who require lengthy assistance Levels of care - Primary Secondary Tertiary Key members of the Health Care Team - Nurses Physicians Dietitian Pharmacists Lap Personnel Radiology Personnel Respiratory therapists Social workers Physical Therapists Occupational Therapists Administrative Support- unit secretary Roles of a nurse - Teach other nurses Hold other nurses accountable for their actions Promote policies Best practices Promoting procedures Define Team Nursing - RN is the leader; who is responsible and delegates to pthers Other team members are LPN's and nursing technicians/assistants Define Primary Nursing - One nurse is responsible for 24/7 care Provides care of patient form admission to discharge Assesses patients/plans care while on duty- delegates while off duty Usually an all RN staff Define Case management Nursing - May work for a hospital or outside agency Ensure that the patient receives the services they need from the entire health care team Most useful with high costs/high volume/high risk patients Follow-up at home Assess, plan,facilitate and advocate Professional Responsibilities of Nurses - Practice Nursing under the direction of the standards of Care Quality improvement which includes record review Research- participant Education- preceptor to new nurses Management- head nurses or nurse managers Nurses Role on the Health Care Team - Provide Care Educate Counselor Manager Researcher Collaborator Change agent Entrepreneur Patient Advocate Professional behaviors of nurses - Utilizes standard precautions Utilizes professional vocabulary Non-judgmental in acceptance of patients Avoids imposing own personal beliefs on others Respects patients differing views Is competent in care Provides quality nursing care to patient, family, and community Is organized Plans and sets goals Views patients holistically Recognizes subtle changes Sets priorities with ease Effective in time management Takes initiative in resolving conflict situations Aware of and uses available resources Confident Eager to try out new skills Enjoys learning and performing in clinical settings Participates in professional organization Demonstrates pride in role and shares with others Demonstrates critical problem-solving skills Demonstrates collegiality by sharing with, supporting, assisting and counseling other nurses and nursing students Treats others with respect (knocks before entering patients room) Stands up for personal and professional standards- does what is right Honest, forthright, and does not participate in gossip or rumor Takes responsibility for actions Works in partnership with others for the benefit of patient Keeps knowledge and skills up to date Communicate effectively with a variety of professional an unlicensed personnel Define Primary Care - Patients immediate doctor; where they are entered the first time into the system Define secondary care - Care received after your primary care physician; assists in preventing complications; home health care; counseling/ therapy Define tertiary care - A referred doctor Specialized consultant care Maybe a long term center Define JCAHO - Organization that provides accreditation for health care organizations Hospitals Outpatient clinics Nursing homes Five professional responsibilities of professional nurses - Practice nursing under the direction of standards of care Quality improvement which includes record review Research- participant Education- Preceptor to new nurse Management- head nurse or nurse managers Define Acute illnessess - short term Appear suddenly Subside quickly May not require medical attention Define chronic illnesses - usually cannon be cured Develop gradually Requires continuous medical attention May be lifelong What factors influence illness behavior (internal) - Dependency Ability to cope Ability to manage and maintain control over the situation Resourceful Resilience Spiritual Beliefs What factors influence illness behavior (external) - Past experience Culture How does an individuals culture influence their illness behavior - Meanings that are attached to the illness Perceptions of treatment Determines if individual seeks help Predicted or expected behaviors Characteristics of a culturally competent nurse - Performs a cultural assessment Understands the difference in cultures Interprets patients behavior correctly Planning care recognizing cultural influences Knowledgeable of various cultures Understanding of attitudes, beliefs, personal space, medications and effects on illness What is the illness impact on family functioning - Role reversal Entire family if affected Increases stress/anxiety Family disruption Anger and guilt Financial difficulties Confusion Values are reassessed Priorities are shifted Working together May enhance strengths of individual family members What is the significance of critical thinking in nursing - Ability to make sound decisions Good problem solving skills Reflective thinking- looking back Think on your feet Improves patient outcomes Motivated by patients needs Define the Nursing Process - Method used by nursing to solve patient problems What are the five phases of the nursing processess - Assessment Nursing diagnosis- analysis Planning Implementation Evaluation What types of data are included under assessment - Gathering information Subjective data- symptoms (yourself) Objective data- signs What is subjective data - Symptoms, what the patient says to you, patients point of view, self support, comes from the patient (self) What is objective data - Signs, observable, measurable data, by observation or physical examination Define nursing Diagnosis - Actual or potential problems that the nurse is capable and licensed to treat Analysis of the assessment findings Not medical diagnosis Define concept mapping and how it is used in nursing - A concept map care plan is a diagram of patient problems and interventions. An innovative approach to planning and organizing nursing care Define evidence- based practice - An approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence of research studies and patient care data with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values Nurses need to be aware of the research that supports specific nursing interventions What are nursing practices based on the latest research - Injections Hand washing Donning and doffing of PPE Nurse staffing Pressure ulcer prevention 2 step blood pressure check Common Abbreviations - C- degrees centrigrade F- degrees fahrenheit Ac- before meals Pc- after meals Ad lib- freely as desired ADL- activities of daily living Bid- twice a day Tid- three times a day Qid- four times a day C ( with a line above it)- with S (with a line above it)- without C/o- complains of Cap-capsule DNR- do not resuscitate Dx or dx- diagnosis H & P- history and physical Hs- at bedtime or hour of sleep IM- intramuscular IV- intravenous Prn- when required, or as often as necessary Subcut- subcutaneous Stat- immediately TPR- temperature, pulse and respirations TLC- tender loving care VS-vital signs I&O- intake and output O2- oxygen Po or PO- orally or by mouth What is the meaning of the evil eye in Mexican culture - A person with a strong eye. Occurs when someone admires a child without touching them. The cure involves passing an egg over the body and placing it in a bowl under the childs pillow. If the egg is cooked in the morning, then the child had mal de ojo (evil eye) Home Health Practices- Islamic - Preservation of life overrides all matters presented in this seminar.•Islam places the onus of practising religionon the individual.•Cleanliness is part of Islamic faith.•Strong emphasis is placed on the virtues of visiting the sick.•Where choice exists, medicines containingalcohol/pork derivates should NOT be used Same sex health professional as the patient whenever possible. Unnecessary touching between non-related people of the opposite sex should be avoided.•For female patients, there is an overriding objective of modesty and privacy. In some cases, a close familymember of the same sex may assist in the washing of the sick person.•A beard is considered a very important religioussymbol to the Muslim male patient. Like any other patient, permission must be obtained to shave any partof the beard, which should be done by a manimpact of Religion and Culture on Accessing and Using Healthcare