AP Computer Science Principles Unit 1 UTeach Questions & Answers

Algorithm - ANSWERSA set of steps that completes a task Flowchart - ANSWERSVisual representation of the structure and organization of an algorithm Sequence - ANSWERSEach step of an algorithm follows the previous step Selection - ANSWERSConditional situation where an algorithm decides which sequence of instructions to execute Iteration - ANSWERSCompletion and repetition of a sequence Encryption/Encode and Decryption/Decode - ANSWERSprotect and secure information by rendering the information unreadable and then readable again using a strategy Caesar cipher - ANSWERSOffsetting the alphabet by a certain number to scramble the letters of a communication Symmetric (single key) encryption - ANSWERSUse of the same key for encryption and decryption Asymmetric (public key) encryption - ANSWERSUse of pairs of keys, public to many users and private to the owner, for encryption and decryption Cybersecurity - ANSWERSMeasures taken to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access or attack Vigenere cipher - ANSWERSRotates the Caesar cipher offset used to encrypt each new letter in a text Confidentiality - ANSWERSAbility to limit access to information to a certain set of users Secure Sockets Layer(SSL) - ANSWERSProcess where secure information is sent with a lock; the lock is then used by the receiver of the information and sent back to the sender; the lock is then opened by the original sender Integrity - ANSWERSCertainty that information is correct Availability - ANSWERSReliability of access to information Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) - ANSWERSMultiple computers infected with malware coordinated to send requests to a web server at the same time Social Engineering - ANSWERSPsychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information Phishing - ANSWERSMasquerade as an official representative of an organization to ask or demand for confidential information Malware - ANSWERSMalicious software Ambiguity - ANSWERSA statement's meaning is open to interpretation High Level Language - ANSWERSWell suited for human communication; complex and contain a high degree of abstraction Low level Language - ANSWERSOptimized for machines; characterized by their discrete logic and highly structured circuitry Moore's Law - ANSWERSThe number of transistors that can fit on a chip roughly doubles every 1-2 years