HUBS1416 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the principal functions of serotonin in the brain?
Sexual behaviour, mood, temperature regulation
The facility with which a drug binds to its receptor is its:
Affinity
The sub-lingual route of administration is mainly used for:
drugs which are extensively metabolised on their first pass through the liver
Drugs are metabolised by the liver in order to make them:
more water soluble
Why is it important to assess the number of medications an elderly client is taking?
to reduce drug interactions
to reduce adverse drug responses
because the individual may be seeing numerous physicians, none of whom may
communicate with the others regarding the drugs they have ordered
all of the above
,Tests after singer Amy Winehouse's death showed that the singer, at the time of her
death, had a very high amount of alcohol and a lower amount of the benzodiazepine
drug Librium in her blood. Librium is used to prevent seizures and reduce symptoms of
anxiety in alcoholics while withdrawing from alcohol use. Some postulations have been
made to suggest that Amy did not die directly due to alcohol or drugs, but she died from
a seizure while withdrawing from alcohol.
From the above discussion presented which of the following is the most likely
explanation for the cause of Amy death?
The additive depressant effects of a large quantity of alcohol and a benzodiazepine on
the central nervous system
Receptors and Enzymes
Which of the following is correct in terms of a drug which exerts its action at a receptor?
Receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters
Transport molecules and enzymes
Ion channels
All of the above
Considering what you've read about how opioids work, which of the following would
most likely occur to a person that has taken an overdose of an opioid such as morphine?
Increased blood levels of carbon dioxide
What would be the most likely cause of death in someone having overdosed on narcotic
analgesics?
Respiratory depression
Bronchodilator drugs such as salbutamol sometimes produce tachycardia. Part of this
increase in heart rate is a reflex response to the drug's action. What would be the cause
,of the reflex response?
The drug would cause vasodilation --> lowered blood pressure --> reflex increase in
heart rate to compensate
Which of the following effects would you NOT expect an opioid drug to produce?
Pupillary dilation
Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS
are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic
Organophosphate pesticides are extremely toxic. The action of these chemicals is
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Why would these compounds kill?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition increases synaptic levels of acetylcholine, leading to
excessive stimulation of parasympathetic responses and stimulation of skeletal
muscles. Skeletal muscle transmission eventually fails, and death results from
respiratory paralysis
Many antihistamines cause sedation, or drowsiness. Now there are nonsedating
antihistamines. Which of the following would be likely to decrease or prevent sedating
effects?
Rendering the medication unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA
Based on your understanding of generic drug names for specific classes, which drug
class would you expect carvedilol to fall under?
Beta blockers
, A client you are caring for has severe renal disease and will be initiating
pharmacotherapy. In order to prevent toxic plasma drug levels, you may need to
consider: decrease frequency of administration
A component of grapefruit juice has been discovered to affect a couple of important
liver enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of a large number of drugs.
Grapefruit juice is also known to interfere with an entire class of drugs. What occurs as
a result of this interaction?
Increased blood levels of the drug, resulting from its reduced metabolism by the
grapefruit juice.
Pharmacokinetics is:
the study of the absorption, distribution and fate of drugs in the body
Brenda is taking a weight-loss drug which binds up fat in her digestive tract and stops it
from being digested and absorbed.If she takes this long term, what might she be at risk
of?
Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D, E and K
Temazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. This drug acts for about 10
hours following an oral dose. Midazolam, on the other hand, is a benzodiazepine used as
a pre-operative sedative and for sedation for short procedures. It acts for about 2 hours.
The primary cause of this difference is likely to be due to: differences in the rate of
metabolism of the two drugs
The autopsy into the death of actor Heath Ledger identified the following drugs in his
blood stream;
Two opioid analgesics (Oxycodone & Hydrocodone), Three benzodiazepines,
(Diazepam, Temazapam & Alprazolam) and one sedating antihistamine, (Doxylamine).
What are the principal functions of serotonin in the brain?
Sexual behaviour, mood, temperature regulation
The facility with which a drug binds to its receptor is its:
Affinity
The sub-lingual route of administration is mainly used for:
drugs which are extensively metabolised on their first pass through the liver
Drugs are metabolised by the liver in order to make them:
more water soluble
Why is it important to assess the number of medications an elderly client is taking?
to reduce drug interactions
to reduce adverse drug responses
because the individual may be seeing numerous physicians, none of whom may
communicate with the others regarding the drugs they have ordered
all of the above
,Tests after singer Amy Winehouse's death showed that the singer, at the time of her
death, had a very high amount of alcohol and a lower amount of the benzodiazepine
drug Librium in her blood. Librium is used to prevent seizures and reduce symptoms of
anxiety in alcoholics while withdrawing from alcohol use. Some postulations have been
made to suggest that Amy did not die directly due to alcohol or drugs, but she died from
a seizure while withdrawing from alcohol.
From the above discussion presented which of the following is the most likely
explanation for the cause of Amy death?
The additive depressant effects of a large quantity of alcohol and a benzodiazepine on
the central nervous system
Receptors and Enzymes
Which of the following is correct in terms of a drug which exerts its action at a receptor?
Receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters
Transport molecules and enzymes
Ion channels
All of the above
Considering what you've read about how opioids work, which of the following would
most likely occur to a person that has taken an overdose of an opioid such as morphine?
Increased blood levels of carbon dioxide
What would be the most likely cause of death in someone having overdosed on narcotic
analgesics?
Respiratory depression
Bronchodilator drugs such as salbutamol sometimes produce tachycardia. Part of this
increase in heart rate is a reflex response to the drug's action. What would be the cause
,of the reflex response?
The drug would cause vasodilation --> lowered blood pressure --> reflex increase in
heart rate to compensate
Which of the following effects would you NOT expect an opioid drug to produce?
Pupillary dilation
Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS
are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic
Organophosphate pesticides are extremely toxic. The action of these chemicals is
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Why would these compounds kill?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition increases synaptic levels of acetylcholine, leading to
excessive stimulation of parasympathetic responses and stimulation of skeletal
muscles. Skeletal muscle transmission eventually fails, and death results from
respiratory paralysis
Many antihistamines cause sedation, or drowsiness. Now there are nonsedating
antihistamines. Which of the following would be likely to decrease or prevent sedating
effects?
Rendering the medication unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA
Based on your understanding of generic drug names for specific classes, which drug
class would you expect carvedilol to fall under?
Beta blockers
, A client you are caring for has severe renal disease and will be initiating
pharmacotherapy. In order to prevent toxic plasma drug levels, you may need to
consider: decrease frequency of administration
A component of grapefruit juice has been discovered to affect a couple of important
liver enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of a large number of drugs.
Grapefruit juice is also known to interfere with an entire class of drugs. What occurs as
a result of this interaction?
Increased blood levels of the drug, resulting from its reduced metabolism by the
grapefruit juice.
Pharmacokinetics is:
the study of the absorption, distribution and fate of drugs in the body
Brenda is taking a weight-loss drug which binds up fat in her digestive tract and stops it
from being digested and absorbed.If she takes this long term, what might she be at risk
of?
Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D, E and K
Temazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. This drug acts for about 10
hours following an oral dose. Midazolam, on the other hand, is a benzodiazepine used as
a pre-operative sedative and for sedation for short procedures. It acts for about 2 hours.
The primary cause of this difference is likely to be due to: differences in the rate of
metabolism of the two drugs
The autopsy into the death of actor Heath Ledger identified the following drugs in his
blood stream;
Two opioid analgesics (Oxycodone & Hydrocodone), Three benzodiazepines,
(Diazepam, Temazapam & Alprazolam) and one sedating antihistamine, (Doxylamine).
