NURS 612 Shadow Health ASSESSMENT TEST
_____ is any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth
requirements of another organism - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----host
______ is bacteria that inhabits exposed surfaces of the body - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----microflora
_______ is the presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within a host that
does NOT cause harm - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----colonization
_______ is the disease state brought about by the interaction of an organism living
within a host that causes harm to the host - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----infectious
disease
____ is the disease inducing potential of a microbe/organism - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----virulence
_____ are microorganisms so virulent that they are rarely found in the absence of
disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----pathogens
_____ is a free-living organism that obtains growth from dead or decaying organic
material, rarely affect humans - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----saprophytes
______ are microorganisms that are capable of producing an infectious disease when
the health/immunity of the host have been severely weakened by illness, malnutrition, or
medical therapy - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----opportunistic pathogens
_____ is a relationship between microorganism and host in which both organisms
benefit e.g. bacteria in the gut producing Vit. K - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
mutualism
____ is a relationship between microorganism and host in which the colonizing
organism acquires its needs from the host, but without causing harm to the host - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----commensalism
,_____ is a relationship between a microorganism and host in which the microorganism
acquires its need at the expense of the host, only the infecting organism benefits - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----parasitism
_____ are protein particles that are able to transmit infection, lack a demonstrable
genome, and are resistant to antibiotics due to their lack of repro/metabolic functions - --
----CORRECT ANSWER -----prions
Two examples of diseases transmitted via prions are: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------
Creutzfeldt Jacob disease
-Kuru
Prion-based diseases are typically ______ progressing, and result in non-inflammatory
neuronal degeneration resulting in dementia, ataxia, and death - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----slow
_______ are the smallest obligate intracellular pathogens, have no organized cellular
structure, and can be composed of either DNA or RNA, but never both - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----Viruses
Viruses are composed of two parts: the _____ and _______, and require what to
replicate? - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------capsid (protein coat)
-nucleic acid core (genome, either DNA or RNA)
They require a host cell in which to replicate, replication cannot occur outside of a living
cell
____ are bacteria that lack an organized nucleus - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
prokaryotes
_____ are microorganisms that possess a membrane nucleus such as fungi - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----eukaryotes
______ are a type of fungi that are yeast at one temperature and molds at another - -----
-CORRECT ANSWER -----dimorphic fungi
Examples of dimorphic fungi: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------blastomycosis
-histoplasmosis
-coccidiodomycosis
_____ are long filaments utilized by molds - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----hyphae
___ are single celled fungi that reproduce by budding - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
yeasts
Bacteria are primarily classified by: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------shape/microscopic
appearance
,-presence of absence of peptidoglycan cell wall (gram+/gram-)
______ = rod bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----bacillis
_____ = spherical bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----cocci
_____ = helical bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----spirilla
_______ bacteria will stain purple in the presence of a primary dye like crystal violet - ---
---CORRECT ANSWER -----gram positive
______ bacteria will not stain purple, but will stain red in the presence of a counterstain
like safranin - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----gram negative
_____ are single celled animals with defined nuclei and organelles that can cause
parasitic infection - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----protozoa
______ are worms, roundworms, flukes, etc. capable of causing parasitic infection - -----
-CORRECT ANSWER -----helminths
_______ are bugs capable of causing parasitic infection - ------CORRECT ANSWER ----
-arthropods
Examples of organisms that combine viral and bacterial characteristics - ------
CORRECT ANSWER ------Rickettsiaceae
-Anaplasmataceae
-Chlamydiaceae
-Coxiella
Viral: obligate intracellular pathogen
Bacterial: cell wall, asexual reproduction via cell division
Both: Contain DNA and RNA
___ is a tick born organism capable of producing Rocky Mt spotted fever and possibly
lyme disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----rickettsiaceae
______ is a directly transmitted organism responsible for the STI chlamydia - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----Chlamydophila trachomatis
_______ is a disease found in a particular geographical region in which the
incidence/prevalence are relatively predictable and stable - ------CORRECT ANSWER --
---endemic disease
______ is an abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic
rates - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----epidemic
, _____ is the spread of disease beyond continental borders - ------CORRECT ANSWER
-----pandemic
criteria used in classifying infectious diseases - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------portal of
entry
-incidence
-source
-signs/symptoms
-disease course
-site of infection
-virulence factors
Examples of portals of entry - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------penetration (physical
trauma to integument system
-direct contact (think STIs)
-ingestion
-inhalation
_________ is a form of direct contact in which a pathogen is transmitted from a host to
progeny post-gestation - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----vertical transmission e.g. breast
feeding, contact with infected vaginal mucosa during delivery
____ is a form of direct transmission in which a pathogen is transmitted from a host to
progeny during gestation - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----congenital transmission
______ are infections that develop within a hospital patient/setting - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----nosocomial
_____ are infections acquired outside of healthcare facilities - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----community-acquired infections
_____ is an inanimate object that carries disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----fomite
e.g. soil, toys, doorknobs, etc.
A _____ symptom/sign reflects the site of infection e.g. rash, hemorrhage, diarrhea,
pneumonia - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----specific
A _____ sign/symptom can be shared by a number of diverse infectious diseases e.g.
headache, myalgia, fever - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----nonspecific
A ____ sign/symptom may require laboratory testing to identify - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----covert
______ have an abrupt onset with little or no prodrome phase - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----fulminant illness
_____ is any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth
requirements of another organism - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----host
______ is bacteria that inhabits exposed surfaces of the body - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----microflora
_______ is the presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within a host that
does NOT cause harm - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----colonization
_______ is the disease state brought about by the interaction of an organism living
within a host that causes harm to the host - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----infectious
disease
____ is the disease inducing potential of a microbe/organism - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----virulence
_____ are microorganisms so virulent that they are rarely found in the absence of
disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----pathogens
_____ is a free-living organism that obtains growth from dead or decaying organic
material, rarely affect humans - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----saprophytes
______ are microorganisms that are capable of producing an infectious disease when
the health/immunity of the host have been severely weakened by illness, malnutrition, or
medical therapy - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----opportunistic pathogens
_____ is a relationship between microorganism and host in which both organisms
benefit e.g. bacteria in the gut producing Vit. K - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
mutualism
____ is a relationship between microorganism and host in which the colonizing
organism acquires its needs from the host, but without causing harm to the host - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----commensalism
,_____ is a relationship between a microorganism and host in which the microorganism
acquires its need at the expense of the host, only the infecting organism benefits - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----parasitism
_____ are protein particles that are able to transmit infection, lack a demonstrable
genome, and are resistant to antibiotics due to their lack of repro/metabolic functions - --
----CORRECT ANSWER -----prions
Two examples of diseases transmitted via prions are: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------
Creutzfeldt Jacob disease
-Kuru
Prion-based diseases are typically ______ progressing, and result in non-inflammatory
neuronal degeneration resulting in dementia, ataxia, and death - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----slow
_______ are the smallest obligate intracellular pathogens, have no organized cellular
structure, and can be composed of either DNA or RNA, but never both - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----Viruses
Viruses are composed of two parts: the _____ and _______, and require what to
replicate? - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------capsid (protein coat)
-nucleic acid core (genome, either DNA or RNA)
They require a host cell in which to replicate, replication cannot occur outside of a living
cell
____ are bacteria that lack an organized nucleus - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
prokaryotes
_____ are microorganisms that possess a membrane nucleus such as fungi - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----eukaryotes
______ are a type of fungi that are yeast at one temperature and molds at another - -----
-CORRECT ANSWER -----dimorphic fungi
Examples of dimorphic fungi: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------blastomycosis
-histoplasmosis
-coccidiodomycosis
_____ are long filaments utilized by molds - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----hyphae
___ are single celled fungi that reproduce by budding - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----
yeasts
Bacteria are primarily classified by: - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------shape/microscopic
appearance
,-presence of absence of peptidoglycan cell wall (gram+/gram-)
______ = rod bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----bacillis
_____ = spherical bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----cocci
_____ = helical bacteria - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----spirilla
_______ bacteria will stain purple in the presence of a primary dye like crystal violet - ---
---CORRECT ANSWER -----gram positive
______ bacteria will not stain purple, but will stain red in the presence of a counterstain
like safranin - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----gram negative
_____ are single celled animals with defined nuclei and organelles that can cause
parasitic infection - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----protozoa
______ are worms, roundworms, flukes, etc. capable of causing parasitic infection - -----
-CORRECT ANSWER -----helminths
_______ are bugs capable of causing parasitic infection - ------CORRECT ANSWER ----
-arthropods
Examples of organisms that combine viral and bacterial characteristics - ------
CORRECT ANSWER ------Rickettsiaceae
-Anaplasmataceae
-Chlamydiaceae
-Coxiella
Viral: obligate intracellular pathogen
Bacterial: cell wall, asexual reproduction via cell division
Both: Contain DNA and RNA
___ is a tick born organism capable of producing Rocky Mt spotted fever and possibly
lyme disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----rickettsiaceae
______ is a directly transmitted organism responsible for the STI chlamydia - ------
CORRECT ANSWER -----Chlamydophila trachomatis
_______ is a disease found in a particular geographical region in which the
incidence/prevalence are relatively predictable and stable - ------CORRECT ANSWER --
---endemic disease
______ is an abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic
rates - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----epidemic
, _____ is the spread of disease beyond continental borders - ------CORRECT ANSWER
-----pandemic
criteria used in classifying infectious diseases - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------portal of
entry
-incidence
-source
-signs/symptoms
-disease course
-site of infection
-virulence factors
Examples of portals of entry - ------CORRECT ANSWER ------penetration (physical
trauma to integument system
-direct contact (think STIs)
-ingestion
-inhalation
_________ is a form of direct contact in which a pathogen is transmitted from a host to
progeny post-gestation - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----vertical transmission e.g. breast
feeding, contact with infected vaginal mucosa during delivery
____ is a form of direct transmission in which a pathogen is transmitted from a host to
progeny during gestation - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----congenital transmission
______ are infections that develop within a hospital patient/setting - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----nosocomial
_____ are infections acquired outside of healthcare facilities - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----community-acquired infections
_____ is an inanimate object that carries disease - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----fomite
e.g. soil, toys, doorknobs, etc.
A _____ symptom/sign reflects the site of infection e.g. rash, hemorrhage, diarrhea,
pneumonia - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----specific
A _____ sign/symptom can be shared by a number of diverse infectious diseases e.g.
headache, myalgia, fever - ------CORRECT ANSWER -----nonspecific
A ____ sign/symptom may require laboratory testing to identify - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----covert
______ have an abrupt onset with little or no prodrome phase - ------CORRECT
ANSWER -----fulminant illness
