Questions
and
, 1. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings
to others?
A) Repression
B) Projection
C) Displacement
D) Sublimation
Answer: B
Explanation: Projection is the defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own
unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to others. This allows the person to avoid
acknowledging these aspects in themselves while still expressing them indirectly.
2. What is the primary goal of reality therapy?
A) Uncovering unconscious conflicts
B) Challenging irrational beliefs
C) Helping clients meet their needs in responsible ways
D) Exploring early childhood experiences
Answer: C
Explanation: Reality therapy, developed by William Glasser, focuses on helping clients meet their
needs in responsible ways. It emphasizes personal choice, responsibility, and the present, aiming
to help clients understand that they can control their own lives to better satisfy their needs.
3. In multicultural counseling, what does the term "ethnocentrism" refer to?
A) The study of different ethnic groups
B) The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture
C) The process of adapting to a new culture
D) The celebration of cultural diversity
Answer: B
Explanation: Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own ethnic group or culture is superior
to others. In counseling, it's important to recognize and address ethnocentric attitudes to provide
culturally sensitive and effective treatment.
4. Which of the following is a key principle of person-centered therapy?
A) Challenging cognitive distortions
B) Providing unconditional positive regard
C) Using systematic desensitization
D) Interpreting unconscious conflicts
Answer: B
Explanation: Providing unconditional positive regard is a key principle of person-centered therapy,
developed by Carl Rogers. This involves the therapist accepting and supporting the client without
judgment, regardless of what the client says or does.
5. What does the term "countertransference" refer to in counseling?
,A) The client's feelings toward the counselor
B) The counselor's emotional reactions to the client
C) The process of challenging a client's beliefs
D) A technique for redirecting a client's negative thoughts
Answer: B
Explanation: Countertransference refers to the counselor's emotional reactions to the client.
These reactions can be based on the counselor's own past experiences, biases, or unresolved
issues. Recognizing and managing countertransference is crucial for maintaining professional
boundaries and providing effective therapy.
6. Which of the following is an example of a projective assessment technique?
A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test
C) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
D) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Answer: B
Explanation: The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a projective assessment technique. In
projective tests, individuals are presented with ambiguous stimuli and asked to interpret them,
with the assumption that their responses will reveal unconscious thoughts, feelings, or conflicts.
7. What is the primary focus of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)?
A) Exploring childhood traumas
B) Identifying and amplifying client strengths and resources
C) Challenging and changing irrational beliefs
D) Improving family communication patterns
Answer: B
Explanation: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) primarily focuses on identifying and amplifying
client strengths and resources. This approach emphasizes finding solutions rather than dwelling
on problems, and it aims to help clients identify what's working in their lives and how to do more
of it.
8. Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages is characterized by the conflict of generativity vs.
stagnation?
A) Young adulthood
B) Middle adulthood
C) Late adulthood
D) Adolescence
Answer: B
Explanation: The conflict of generativity vs. stagnation occurs in Erikson's stage of middle
adulthood (approximately ages 40-65). During this stage, individuals focus on creating or nurturing
things that will
9. Which of the following best describes the concept of intersectionality in multicultural
counseling?
, A) The point where two cultures meet and clash
B) The overlapping of various social identities and their related systems of oppression or
discrimination
C) The process of integrating different therapeutic approaches
D) The intersection of a client's goals and a counselor's techniques
Answer: B
Explanation: Intersectionality refers to the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as
race, class, gender, and other identities, and how they create overlapping and interdependent
systems of discrimination or disadvantage. This concept is crucial in multicultural counseling as it
helps counselors understand the complex and multifaceted nature of a client's identity and
experiences.
10. What is the primary purpose of informed consent in counseling?
A) To protect the counselor from legal liability
B) To ensure the client understands the nature, risks, and benefits of treatment
C) To establish the counselor's credentials
D) To determine the client's diagnosis
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary purpose of informed consent is to ensure that the client understands
the nature, risks, and benefits of the proposed treatment. This process respects client autonomy,
promotes trust in the therapeutic relationship, and allows clients to make informed decisions
about their care.
11. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, what is a cognitive distortion?
A) A deliberate attempt to mislead others
B) An inaccurate or exaggerated thought pattern
C) A repressed memory
D) A type of brain injury
Answer: B
Explanation: In cognitive-behavioral therapy, a cognitive distortion refers to inaccurate or
exaggerated thought patterns that can lead to negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors.
Examples include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing.
12. Which of the following is a key principle of motivational interviewing?
A) Confronting the client's denial
B) Providing advice without the client's request
C) Rolling with resistance
D) Encouraging dependency on the counselor
Answer: C
Explanation: "Rolling with resistance" is a key principle of motivational interviewing. Instead of
directly opposing client resistance, the counselor "rolls with it," using reflective listening and
reframing to help the client explore their ambivalence about change.
13. What does the acronym SMART refer to in goal-setting?
and
, 1. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings
to others?
A) Repression
B) Projection
C) Displacement
D) Sublimation
Answer: B
Explanation: Projection is the defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own
unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses to others. This allows the person to avoid
acknowledging these aspects in themselves while still expressing them indirectly.
2. What is the primary goal of reality therapy?
A) Uncovering unconscious conflicts
B) Challenging irrational beliefs
C) Helping clients meet their needs in responsible ways
D) Exploring early childhood experiences
Answer: C
Explanation: Reality therapy, developed by William Glasser, focuses on helping clients meet their
needs in responsible ways. It emphasizes personal choice, responsibility, and the present, aiming
to help clients understand that they can control their own lives to better satisfy their needs.
3. In multicultural counseling, what does the term "ethnocentrism" refer to?
A) The study of different ethnic groups
B) The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture
C) The process of adapting to a new culture
D) The celebration of cultural diversity
Answer: B
Explanation: Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own ethnic group or culture is superior
to others. In counseling, it's important to recognize and address ethnocentric attitudes to provide
culturally sensitive and effective treatment.
4. Which of the following is a key principle of person-centered therapy?
A) Challenging cognitive distortions
B) Providing unconditional positive regard
C) Using systematic desensitization
D) Interpreting unconscious conflicts
Answer: B
Explanation: Providing unconditional positive regard is a key principle of person-centered therapy,
developed by Carl Rogers. This involves the therapist accepting and supporting the client without
judgment, regardless of what the client says or does.
5. What does the term "countertransference" refer to in counseling?
,A) The client's feelings toward the counselor
B) The counselor's emotional reactions to the client
C) The process of challenging a client's beliefs
D) A technique for redirecting a client's negative thoughts
Answer: B
Explanation: Countertransference refers to the counselor's emotional reactions to the client.
These reactions can be based on the counselor's own past experiences, biases, or unresolved
issues. Recognizing and managing countertransference is crucial for maintaining professional
boundaries and providing effective therapy.
6. Which of the following is an example of a projective assessment technique?
A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test
C) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
D) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Answer: B
Explanation: The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a projective assessment technique. In
projective tests, individuals are presented with ambiguous stimuli and asked to interpret them,
with the assumption that their responses will reveal unconscious thoughts, feelings, or conflicts.
7. What is the primary focus of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)?
A) Exploring childhood traumas
B) Identifying and amplifying client strengths and resources
C) Challenging and changing irrational beliefs
D) Improving family communication patterns
Answer: B
Explanation: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) primarily focuses on identifying and amplifying
client strengths and resources. This approach emphasizes finding solutions rather than dwelling
on problems, and it aims to help clients identify what's working in their lives and how to do more
of it.
8. Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages is characterized by the conflict of generativity vs.
stagnation?
A) Young adulthood
B) Middle adulthood
C) Late adulthood
D) Adolescence
Answer: B
Explanation: The conflict of generativity vs. stagnation occurs in Erikson's stage of middle
adulthood (approximately ages 40-65). During this stage, individuals focus on creating or nurturing
things that will
9. Which of the following best describes the concept of intersectionality in multicultural
counseling?
, A) The point where two cultures meet and clash
B) The overlapping of various social identities and their related systems of oppression or
discrimination
C) The process of integrating different therapeutic approaches
D) The intersection of a client's goals and a counselor's techniques
Answer: B
Explanation: Intersectionality refers to the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as
race, class, gender, and other identities, and how they create overlapping and interdependent
systems of discrimination or disadvantage. This concept is crucial in multicultural counseling as it
helps counselors understand the complex and multifaceted nature of a client's identity and
experiences.
10. What is the primary purpose of informed consent in counseling?
A) To protect the counselor from legal liability
B) To ensure the client understands the nature, risks, and benefits of treatment
C) To establish the counselor's credentials
D) To determine the client's diagnosis
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary purpose of informed consent is to ensure that the client understands
the nature, risks, and benefits of the proposed treatment. This process respects client autonomy,
promotes trust in the therapeutic relationship, and allows clients to make informed decisions
about their care.
11. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, what is a cognitive distortion?
A) A deliberate attempt to mislead others
B) An inaccurate or exaggerated thought pattern
C) A repressed memory
D) A type of brain injury
Answer: B
Explanation: In cognitive-behavioral therapy, a cognitive distortion refers to inaccurate or
exaggerated thought patterns that can lead to negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors.
Examples include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing.
12. Which of the following is a key principle of motivational interviewing?
A) Confronting the client's denial
B) Providing advice without the client's request
C) Rolling with resistance
D) Encouraging dependency on the counselor
Answer: C
Explanation: "Rolling with resistance" is a key principle of motivational interviewing. Instead of
directly opposing client resistance, the counselor "rolls with it," using reflective listening and
reframing to help the client explore their ambivalence about change.
13. What does the acronym SMART refer to in goal-setting?
