CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

INDEX
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
S.No. Chapter Page No.

1. Surveying Equipment 02

2. Earth Excavator 11

3. Tipper (Dumper Truck) 32

4. Dozer Equipment 50

5. Vibratory Roller 61

6. Grader Equipment 73

7. Tunneling Equipment 81

8. Lifting Equipment 89

9. Sand Washing Equipment 103

10. Concrete Mixer 111

11. Concrete Batching and Mixing Plant 119

12. Concrete Mixer Truck 131

13. Concrete Pump 132

14. Slipform 144

15. Concrete Vibrator 148

16. Hot Mix Plant/Asphalt Drum Mix Plant 151




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, 1.0 SURVEYING EQUIPMENT

1.1 Theodolites

A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical
angles, as used in triangulation networks. It is a key tool in surveying
and engineering work, particularly on inaccessible ground. A modern
theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two
perpendicular axes—the horizontal or turn-on axis and the vertical axis.
When the telescope is pointed at a desired object, the angle of each of
these axes can be measured with great precision, typically on the scale of
arc seconds.




Fig.1 Theodolites

1.2 Total Stations

A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern
surveying. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated
with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read distances from the
instrument to a particular point where an assistant staff holds reflector.
Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from
a distance via remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant
staff member as the operator holds the reflector and controls the total
station from the observed point.




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, Fig.2 Total Stations


1.3 Automatic level

It is an instrument to take levels of any surface. Good level instrument
shall have property of automatic horizontal adjustment of the line of
sight, an erect figure and a horizontal circle of 0 - 360° and large ribbed
control buttons to simplify the adjustment of the instrument. The
compensator shall be magnet damped, so that after the instrument has
been set almost horizontal, the line of sight can be carefully leveled using
the automatic compensation mechanism.




Fig.3 Automatic level


1.4 Abney Levels

A Topographic Abney Level is an instrument used in surveying which
consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected
to a pointing arm and a protractor scale. The Topographic Abney Level is
used to measure degrees, percent of grade, topographic elevation and

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, chainage correction. By using trigonometry the user of a Topographic
Abney Level can determine height, volume and grade. The Topographic
Abney Level is used at the eye height of the surveyor and is best
employed when teamed with a second surveyor of the same eye height.
This allows for easy sighting of the level and greater accuracy.




Fig.4 Abney Levels

1.5 Measuring wheel

A surveyor's wheel, also called a click wheel, odometer, way wiser,
trundle wheel, measuring wheel or perambulator is a device for
measuring distance. The meter can be calibrated and has a measuring
range of 9999.99 m and can be read-out in cm. The tolerance is below
0.02%. The counting mechanism is driven without vibrations.




Fig.5 Measuring wheel

1.6 Ground plate

Available in the market are strikingly colored ground plates for stable
positioning of the leveling staves.




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