Fundamentals of Nursing Standards and
Practice
4th edition by
Sue C. DeLaune, MN, RN and Patricia K. Ladner, RN, MS, MN
,Table of Contents
UNIT 1 Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future ............................................................................. 4
1. Evolution of Nursing and Nursing Education .................................................................................... 4
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Nursing Theory .................................................................................................................................. 6
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 7
3. Research and Evidence-Based Practice ............................................................................................ 8
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 9
4. Health Care Delivery, Quality, and the Continuum of Care ............................................................ 10
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 11
UNIT 2 Nursing Process: The Standard of Care ........................................................................................... 12
5 Critical Thinking, Decision Making, and the Nursing Process .............................................................. 12
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 13
6 Assessment .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 16
7 Nursing Diagnosis ................................................................................................................................. 17
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 18
8 Planning and Outcome Identification .................................................................................................. 19
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 20
9 Implementation ................................................................................................................................... 21
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 22
10 Evaluation .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 24
UNIT 3 Professional Accountability ............................................................................................................. 25
11 Leadership, Delegation, and Power ................................................................................................... 25
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 27
12 Legal and Ethical Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... 28
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 29
13 Documentation and Informatics ........................................................................................................ 30
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 32
UNIT 4 Promoting Client Health.................................................................................................................. 33
14 Nursing, Healing, and Caring .............................................................................................................. 33
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 34
, 15 Communication .................................................................................................................................. 35
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 36
16 Health and Wellness Promotion ........................................................................................................ 37
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 38
17 Family and Community Health........................................................................................................... 39
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 41
18 The Life Cycle ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 43
19 The Older Client ................................................................................................................................. 43
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 46
20 Cultural Diversity................................................................................................................................ 47
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 48
21 Client Education ................................................................................................................................. 49
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 51
UNIT 5 Responding to Basic Psychosocial Needs ........................................................................................ 52
22 Self-Concept ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 54
23 Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, and Change ........................................................................................... 55
24 Spirituality .......................................................................................................................................... 59
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 60
25 Loss and Grief ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 62
UNIT 6 Responding to Basic Physiological Needs ....................................................................................... 63
26 Vital Signs ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 64
27 Physical Assessment........................................................................................................................... 65
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 67
28 Diagnostic Testing .............................................................................................................................. 68
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 70
29 Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene .............................................................................................. 72
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 74
30 Medication Administration ................................................................................................................ 75
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 78
, 31 Complementary and Alternative Modalities...................................................................................... 79
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 81
32 Oxygenation ....................................................................................................................................... 83
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 84
33 Fluids and Electrolytes ....................................................................................................................... 85
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 87
34 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................................. 89
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 91
35 Comfort and Sleep ............................................................................................................................. 93
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 94
36 Mobility .............................................................................................................................................. 96
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 98
37 Skin Integrity and Wound Healing ..................................................................................................... 99
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 101
38 Sensation, Perception, and Cognition .............................................................................................. 102
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 103
39 Elimination ....................................................................................................................................... 105
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 106
40 Nursing Care of the Perioperative Client ......................................................................................... 107
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 109
UNIT 1 Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future
1. Evolution of Nursing and Nursing Education
1. Which of the following are some of Florence Nightingale’s beliefs regarding nursing? Select
all that apply:
a. A holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
b. The need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice
c. The importance of creating an environment that promotes healing
d. The need for fresh air and light
e. The need to support the individual’s adaptation to stimuli
Practice
4th edition by
Sue C. DeLaune, MN, RN and Patricia K. Ladner, RN, MS, MN
,Table of Contents
UNIT 1 Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future ............................................................................. 4
1. Evolution of Nursing and Nursing Education .................................................................................... 4
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Nursing Theory .................................................................................................................................. 6
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 7
3. Research and Evidence-Based Practice ............................................................................................ 8
Answers ................................................................................................................................................. 9
4. Health Care Delivery, Quality, and the Continuum of Care ............................................................ 10
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 11
UNIT 2 Nursing Process: The Standard of Care ........................................................................................... 12
5 Critical Thinking, Decision Making, and the Nursing Process .............................................................. 12
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 13
6 Assessment .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 16
7 Nursing Diagnosis ................................................................................................................................. 17
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 18
8 Planning and Outcome Identification .................................................................................................. 19
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 20
9 Implementation ................................................................................................................................... 21
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 22
10 Evaluation .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 24
UNIT 3 Professional Accountability ............................................................................................................. 25
11 Leadership, Delegation, and Power ................................................................................................... 25
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 27
12 Legal and Ethical Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... 28
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 29
13 Documentation and Informatics ........................................................................................................ 30
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 32
UNIT 4 Promoting Client Health.................................................................................................................. 33
14 Nursing, Healing, and Caring .............................................................................................................. 33
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 34
, 15 Communication .................................................................................................................................. 35
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 36
16 Health and Wellness Promotion ........................................................................................................ 37
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 38
17 Family and Community Health........................................................................................................... 39
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 41
18 The Life Cycle ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 43
19 The Older Client ................................................................................................................................. 43
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 46
20 Cultural Diversity................................................................................................................................ 47
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 48
21 Client Education ................................................................................................................................. 49
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 51
UNIT 5 Responding to Basic Psychosocial Needs ........................................................................................ 52
22 Self-Concept ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 54
23 Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, and Change ........................................................................................... 55
24 Spirituality .......................................................................................................................................... 59
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 60
25 Loss and Grief ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 62
UNIT 6 Responding to Basic Physiological Needs ....................................................................................... 63
26 Vital Signs ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 64
27 Physical Assessment........................................................................................................................... 65
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 67
28 Diagnostic Testing .............................................................................................................................. 68
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 70
29 Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene .............................................................................................. 72
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 74
30 Medication Administration ................................................................................................................ 75
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 78
, 31 Complementary and Alternative Modalities...................................................................................... 79
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 81
32 Oxygenation ....................................................................................................................................... 83
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 84
33 Fluids and Electrolytes ....................................................................................................................... 85
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 87
34 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................................. 89
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 91
35 Comfort and Sleep ............................................................................................................................. 93
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 94
36 Mobility .............................................................................................................................................. 96
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 98
37 Skin Integrity and Wound Healing ..................................................................................................... 99
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 101
38 Sensation, Perception, and Cognition .............................................................................................. 102
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 103
39 Elimination ....................................................................................................................................... 105
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 106
40 Nursing Care of the Perioperative Client ......................................................................................... 107
Answers ............................................................................................................................................. 109
UNIT 1 Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future
1. Evolution of Nursing and Nursing Education
1. Which of the following are some of Florence Nightingale’s beliefs regarding nursing? Select
all that apply:
a. A holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
b. The need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice
c. The importance of creating an environment that promotes healing
d. The need for fresh air and light
e. The need to support the individual’s adaptation to stimuli
