PATHO 370 Test| Questions and Verified Answers
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent infection.
Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not complications of chronic
bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock. - ✔C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient, because it
can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of the disease process
or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated with leukemic disease. There
is no direct connection between kidney failure and death in leukemia, although kidney failure
may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has
frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
,A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his
cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he is lying
down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria." - ✔A. If the soft spot on the top of
his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and gums, then he is
probably dehydrated.
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check and gums are
useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an important part of clinical dehydration.
It is true that clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, but it does not address the question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper
information provides a useful assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an infant.
Drowsiness and fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Vascular collapse.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts. - ✔D. Cellular fluid shifts.
,Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of water from
the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In brain cells, this leads to
swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg
taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no
medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and
exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-
calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is
the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. - ✔D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with modifiable risk
factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first. Lifestyle alterations include
exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood pressure should be rechecked in 4 to 6
weeks. Smoking cessation counseling is an appropriate lifestyle alteration.
Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to:
A. Mixed acid-base disorders.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
, C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis. - ✔B. Metabolic acidosis.
Diarrhea results in loss of bicarbonate and leads to metabolic acidosis. Loss of bicarbonate (a
base) would not lead to metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory conditions lead to respiratory acid
and base disturbances; diarrhea is not a respiratory condition. Bicarbonate loss through
diarrhea would not lead to any respiratory acid/base disturbance.
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.
T/F? - ✔True.
A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms
may experience:
A. Anxiety acidosis.
B. Acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.
C. Numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D. Neuromuscular depression. - ✔C. Numbness and tingling in the extremities.
Numbness and tingling in the extremities occurs in alkalosis as a result of increased
neuromuscular irritability. Numbness and tingling as a result of hyperventilation result from
increased neuromuscular irritability, not neuromuscular depression. Acidosis depresses
neuromuscular irritability and thus would not cause numbness and tingling, even in
compensation.
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent infection.
Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not complications of chronic
bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock. - ✔C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient, because it
can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of the disease process
or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated with leukemic disease. There
is no direct connection between kidney failure and death in leukemia, although kidney failure
may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has
frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
,A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his
cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he is lying
down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria." - ✔A. If the soft spot on the top of
his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and gums, then he is
probably dehydrated.
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check and gums are
useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an important part of clinical dehydration.
It is true that clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, but it does not address the question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper
information provides a useful assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an infant.
Drowsiness and fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Vascular collapse.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts. - ✔D. Cellular fluid shifts.
,Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of water from
the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In brain cells, this leads to
swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg
taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no
medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and
exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-
calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is
the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. - ✔D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with modifiable risk
factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first. Lifestyle alterations include
exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood pressure should be rechecked in 4 to 6
weeks. Smoking cessation counseling is an appropriate lifestyle alteration.
Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to:
A. Mixed acid-base disorders.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
, C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis. - ✔B. Metabolic acidosis.
Diarrhea results in loss of bicarbonate and leads to metabolic acidosis. Loss of bicarbonate (a
base) would not lead to metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory conditions lead to respiratory acid
and base disturbances; diarrhea is not a respiratory condition. Bicarbonate loss through
diarrhea would not lead to any respiratory acid/base disturbance.
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease.
T/F? - ✔True.
A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms
may experience:
A. Anxiety acidosis.
B. Acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.
C. Numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D. Neuromuscular depression. - ✔C. Numbness and tingling in the extremities.
Numbness and tingling in the extremities occurs in alkalosis as a result of increased
neuromuscular irritability. Numbness and tingling as a result of hyperventilation result from
increased neuromuscular irritability, not neuromuscular depression. Acidosis depresses
neuromuscular irritability and thus would not cause numbness and tingling, even in
compensation.
