ISSA Corrective Exercise All
Possible Questions and
Answers 2024/2025
1. What are the primary muscle types in the human body?
Answer: The primary muscle types are:
● Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones, responsible for movement.
● Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
● Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscles found in internal organs, controlling various
functions.
2. Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
Answer: The sliding filament theory describes how muscles contract at the microscopic level. It
involves the interaction between actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) within the
muscle fibers. When a muscle contracts, myosin heads attach to actin filaments and pull them
inward, shortening the muscle.
3. What are the main functions of skeletal muscles?
Answer: The main functions include:
● Movement: Facilitating voluntary movements of the body.
● Posture Maintenance: Helping to maintain body position.
● Heat Production: Generating heat during contraction, aiding in thermoregulation.
4. What is the difference between muscle strength and muscle endurance?
Answer:
● Muscle Strength: The maximum amount of force a muscle can generate in a single
contraction.
● Muscle Endurance: The ability of a muscle to sustain repeated contractions over time
or to maintain a contraction for an extended period.
, 5. How does hypertrophy occur in skeletal muscle?
Answer: Hypertrophy occurs through resistance training that creates micro-tears in muscle
fibers. As the body repairs these tears, it builds muscle fibers larger and stronger, leading to an
increase in muscle size.
6. What are the key principles of strength training?
Answer: Key principles include:
● Progressive Overload: Gradually increasing the weight or resistance to challenge
muscles.
● Specificity: Training should be specific to the goals (e.g., strength, hypertrophy,
endurance).
● Recovery: Allowing time for muscles to repair and grow stronger.
7. What is the role of the core muscles in exercise?
Answer: The core muscles stabilize the spine and pelvis, providing a foundation for all
movements. A strong core enhances overall stability, balance, and functional strength, which is
essential for preventing injury.
8. How do different types of muscle fibers affect performance?
Answer: There are two main types of muscle fibers:
● Type I (Slow-Twitch): More endurance-oriented, suited for prolonged activities.
● Type II (Fast-Twitch): Designed for short bursts of power and strength. Type II fibers
can be further divided into IIa (intermediate) and IIb (high power).
9. What are common exercises to strengthen the major muscle groups?
Answer:
● Chest: Bench press, push-ups.
● Back: Pull-ups, bent-over rows.
● Legs: Squats, lunges.
● Shoulders: Overhead press, lateral raises.
● Core: Planks, Russian twists.
10. What is muscle atrophy, and what causes it?
Answer: Muscle atrophy is the decrease in muscle mass and strength, often caused by disuse
(such as prolonged bed rest or immobilization), aging, or certain medical conditions.
11. What are antagonistic muscle groups, and why are they important?
Possible Questions and
Answers 2024/2025
1. What are the primary muscle types in the human body?
Answer: The primary muscle types are:
● Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones, responsible for movement.
● Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
● Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscles found in internal organs, controlling various
functions.
2. Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
Answer: The sliding filament theory describes how muscles contract at the microscopic level. It
involves the interaction between actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) within the
muscle fibers. When a muscle contracts, myosin heads attach to actin filaments and pull them
inward, shortening the muscle.
3. What are the main functions of skeletal muscles?
Answer: The main functions include:
● Movement: Facilitating voluntary movements of the body.
● Posture Maintenance: Helping to maintain body position.
● Heat Production: Generating heat during contraction, aiding in thermoregulation.
4. What is the difference between muscle strength and muscle endurance?
Answer:
● Muscle Strength: The maximum amount of force a muscle can generate in a single
contraction.
● Muscle Endurance: The ability of a muscle to sustain repeated contractions over time
or to maintain a contraction for an extended period.
, 5. How does hypertrophy occur in skeletal muscle?
Answer: Hypertrophy occurs through resistance training that creates micro-tears in muscle
fibers. As the body repairs these tears, it builds muscle fibers larger and stronger, leading to an
increase in muscle size.
6. What are the key principles of strength training?
Answer: Key principles include:
● Progressive Overload: Gradually increasing the weight or resistance to challenge
muscles.
● Specificity: Training should be specific to the goals (e.g., strength, hypertrophy,
endurance).
● Recovery: Allowing time for muscles to repair and grow stronger.
7. What is the role of the core muscles in exercise?
Answer: The core muscles stabilize the spine and pelvis, providing a foundation for all
movements. A strong core enhances overall stability, balance, and functional strength, which is
essential for preventing injury.
8. How do different types of muscle fibers affect performance?
Answer: There are two main types of muscle fibers:
● Type I (Slow-Twitch): More endurance-oriented, suited for prolonged activities.
● Type II (Fast-Twitch): Designed for short bursts of power and strength. Type II fibers
can be further divided into IIa (intermediate) and IIb (high power).
9. What are common exercises to strengthen the major muscle groups?
Answer:
● Chest: Bench press, push-ups.
● Back: Pull-ups, bent-over rows.
● Legs: Squats, lunges.
● Shoulders: Overhead press, lateral raises.
● Core: Planks, Russian twists.
10. What is muscle atrophy, and what causes it?
Answer: Muscle atrophy is the decrease in muscle mass and strength, often caused by disuse
(such as prolonged bed rest or immobilization), aging, or certain medical conditions.
11. What are antagonistic muscle groups, and why are they important?
