NHA Psychology Exam Review 2025| Questions and Answers| Graded A

NHA Psychology Exam Review 2025| Questions and Answers| Graded A A medical assistant is talking with an older adult patient who expresses frustration about having looked forward to retirement but now finding "too much time on my hands." Which of the following is one of the developmental tasks for this patients age group? a. serving the community b. making good decisions c. having a sense of self-worth d. finding mutual self-respect having a sense of self-worth What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes? The prefrontal cortex is involved in complex behaviors such as decision-making, problemsolving, and moderating social behavior. How does the hypothalamus contribute to maintaining homeostasis in the body? The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and the autonomic nervous system to maintain homeostasis. In which psychological theory is the concept of "unconscious motivation" central, and what does it propose? 2 Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which proposes that much of our behavior is driven by unconscious motives and desires. What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in behaviorist theory? Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation and is commonly linked to depression? Serotonin is a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation, and low levels are often associated with depression. What is the "Big Five" in personality psychology, and what are its components? The Big Five is a model that includes five major dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning? Classical conditioning involves learning through association between two stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments that follow behavior. What psychological disorder is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)? 3 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the formation of new memories? The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and storage of new memories. What is cognitive dissonance, and how might it affect behavior? Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs, which can lead individuals to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce the discomfort. In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, what does the term "object permanence" refer to? Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched, typically developed in the sensorimotor stage. How does Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development define the primary conflict during adolescence? The primary conflict during adolescence is "identity vs. role confusion," where individuals explore their sense of self and personal identity. What is the significance of Carl Rogers’ concept of "unconditional positive regard" in humanistic psychology? 4 Unconditional positive regard is the acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do, which Rogers believed w