10/16/24, 11:21 Cell Biology Lecture
AM notes
Cell Biology Lecture notes
- Extra paper to make up a few points (take home)
- Less worksheets (probably every second lecture so 3-4 more
worksheets left) mc ~10q
- Final: covers second half of course (not cumulative). Molecular biology
- Two paper assignments in class related to topics we cover
- 1st paper: Oct 26th 2nd Dec 9th (assign a paper at home to read
and then write about it in class-summary)/ primary research can
bring notes- open book
- Bonus: technique (fmris…?) wait until two more lectures (Lec 7 and 8)
- Student presentations: 3-4 students/powerpoint presentation/
12-14 mins/ each person will talk for about 3-4 mins/ due Nov
18th / save as pdf
Chapter 7: From DNA to protein:How cells read the Genome -
OCT 12th
From DNA to RNA to Protein/ genome to protein
● Genome is like a 3D living object, moving, changing
organization (DNA: hetero to )
● Convert it to intermediate (RNA) which is turned into protein (goal)
● DNA is just a stable template for all proteins (it can be duplicated
and can pass through germline) progeny (later generations)
about:bl 1/
,10/16/24, 11:21 Cell Biology Lecture
AM notes
● RNA single stranded but also made from nucleotides which
will get polymerized.
● When is protein NOT the goal: when we are creating rRNA or tRNA &
microRNAS μRNA (small genes transcribed and then stops. Their
goal is just to be RNA because they can do what they want as an
μRNA)
● In eukaryotes, protein coding genes are interrupted by noncoding
sequences (Introns).
Introns are removed from pre-mRNAs by RNA Splicing
Mature Eukaryotic mRNAs (don’t contain introns) are exported
from the nucleus. Go to the ER to ribozymes. Most ribosomes are
on the ER. Ribosomes will translate that into protein.
mRNA molecules are
eventually degraded in the cytosol.
How many will be transcribed. Each gene will have its own
promoter region (in gray).
It will form the substrate for transcription factors to come.
(image on left).
Some will be expressed in low or high levels. Not stable organization. It
will
change over time.
● Spacial control and temperal/time. (same cell, gene but different
control. Might be in low level and then high). The goal is to create
the proteins.
about:bl 2/
, 10/16/24, 11:21 Cell Biology Lecture
AM notes
● Sugar difference: RNA: ribose. DNA: deoxyribose & in RNA there’s no
Thymine so it’s Uracil. Still 2 Hydrogen bonds.vCytosine can get
deaminated and convert into Uracil.
about:bl 3/
AM notes
Cell Biology Lecture notes
- Extra paper to make up a few points (take home)
- Less worksheets (probably every second lecture so 3-4 more
worksheets left) mc ~10q
- Final: covers second half of course (not cumulative). Molecular biology
- Two paper assignments in class related to topics we cover
- 1st paper: Oct 26th 2nd Dec 9th (assign a paper at home to read
and then write about it in class-summary)/ primary research can
bring notes- open book
- Bonus: technique (fmris…?) wait until two more lectures (Lec 7 and 8)
- Student presentations: 3-4 students/powerpoint presentation/
12-14 mins/ each person will talk for about 3-4 mins/ due Nov
18th / save as pdf
Chapter 7: From DNA to protein:How cells read the Genome -
OCT 12th
From DNA to RNA to Protein/ genome to protein
● Genome is like a 3D living object, moving, changing
organization (DNA: hetero to )
● Convert it to intermediate (RNA) which is turned into protein (goal)
● DNA is just a stable template for all proteins (it can be duplicated
and can pass through germline) progeny (later generations)
about:bl 1/
,10/16/24, 11:21 Cell Biology Lecture
AM notes
● RNA single stranded but also made from nucleotides which
will get polymerized.
● When is protein NOT the goal: when we are creating rRNA or tRNA &
microRNAS μRNA (small genes transcribed and then stops. Their
goal is just to be RNA because they can do what they want as an
μRNA)
● In eukaryotes, protein coding genes are interrupted by noncoding
sequences (Introns).
Introns are removed from pre-mRNAs by RNA Splicing
Mature Eukaryotic mRNAs (don’t contain introns) are exported
from the nucleus. Go to the ER to ribozymes. Most ribosomes are
on the ER. Ribosomes will translate that into protein.
mRNA molecules are
eventually degraded in the cytosol.
How many will be transcribed. Each gene will have its own
promoter region (in gray).
It will form the substrate for transcription factors to come.
(image on left).
Some will be expressed in low or high levels. Not stable organization. It
will
change over time.
● Spacial control and temperal/time. (same cell, gene but different
control. Might be in low level and then high). The goal is to create
the proteins.
about:bl 2/
, 10/16/24, 11:21 Cell Biology Lecture
AM notes
● Sugar difference: RNA: ribose. DNA: deoxyribose & in RNA there’s no
Thymine so it’s Uracil. Still 2 Hydrogen bonds.vCytosine can get
deaminated and convert into Uracil.
about:bl 3/
