PSY 203 Intro to Research Methods Final Exam || with
Complete Solutions.
We must use a ____ in our study to then use this evidence to make inferences about the ____
correct answers Sample
Population
The larger the sample... correct answers the more closely it resembles the population it represents
The sample size will impact our ability to ___ to our intended population correct answers
Generalize
It is overall better to have a diverse sample? correct answers Yes
WEIRD samples correct answers Western
Educated
Industrialized
Rich
Demographic
Compared to American adult non-students, American college students... correct answers
Respond more favorably toward other groups in society
are more supportive of racial diversity
are more motivated to mask or explain away negative intergroup attitudes
Having a sample that is representative of the population helps to increase ____ validity correct
answers external
What are the categories of sampling? correct answers Probability Sampling
-Simple Random Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling
Probability Sampling correct answers Every element in the population has a known chance of
being included.
Random selection is involved at some point.
Higher external validity
Allows one to generate probability of sample estimates deviating from population values
(STANDARD ERROR or MARGIN OF ERROR
, Simple Random Sampling correct answers All elements have an equal probability of being
selected
Problems:
1. Might want specific features sampled
2. can you know the entire population?
Nonprobability Sampling correct answers no way to know likelihood of element being included
in sample
no random selection
typically cheaper and more convenient
Standard error ____ as sample size _____ correct answers Decreases
Increases
What affects margin of error? correct answers Sample Size: As sample size goes up, standard
error goes down
Population Size: as population size goes up, standard error goes up
Variance of Data: as variability goes up, standard error goes up
Types of Nonprobability Sampling correct answers Convenience: use whatever participants are
readily available
Quota: Specify X number of people in sample to contain a particular characteristic. not always
concerned with having numbers that match the proportions in the population
Purposive: 1+ specific predefined groups being sought. Researcher may try to choose those who
are typical of population. Very common in districts shown to predict outcomes of election in
previous voting
Snowball: Identify someone who meets criteria and then ask them to recommend other potential
participants who meet criteria. Useful when you're trying to reach inaccessible or hard to find
populations (ex. homeless)
What type of sampling is the use of Purdue students for honors research projects? correct
answers Convenience
The 1992 standardization of an intelligence test was conducted in Dunfries, Scotland,
specifically because it: correct answers Has been used in previous standardization, had
demographic structure similar to UK as a whole, was small geographic area to help with testing
Purposive
Complete Solutions.
We must use a ____ in our study to then use this evidence to make inferences about the ____
correct answers Sample
Population
The larger the sample... correct answers the more closely it resembles the population it represents
The sample size will impact our ability to ___ to our intended population correct answers
Generalize
It is overall better to have a diverse sample? correct answers Yes
WEIRD samples correct answers Western
Educated
Industrialized
Rich
Demographic
Compared to American adult non-students, American college students... correct answers
Respond more favorably toward other groups in society
are more supportive of racial diversity
are more motivated to mask or explain away negative intergroup attitudes
Having a sample that is representative of the population helps to increase ____ validity correct
answers external
What are the categories of sampling? correct answers Probability Sampling
-Simple Random Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling
Probability Sampling correct answers Every element in the population has a known chance of
being included.
Random selection is involved at some point.
Higher external validity
Allows one to generate probability of sample estimates deviating from population values
(STANDARD ERROR or MARGIN OF ERROR
, Simple Random Sampling correct answers All elements have an equal probability of being
selected
Problems:
1. Might want specific features sampled
2. can you know the entire population?
Nonprobability Sampling correct answers no way to know likelihood of element being included
in sample
no random selection
typically cheaper and more convenient
Standard error ____ as sample size _____ correct answers Decreases
Increases
What affects margin of error? correct answers Sample Size: As sample size goes up, standard
error goes down
Population Size: as population size goes up, standard error goes up
Variance of Data: as variability goes up, standard error goes up
Types of Nonprobability Sampling correct answers Convenience: use whatever participants are
readily available
Quota: Specify X number of people in sample to contain a particular characteristic. not always
concerned with having numbers that match the proportions in the population
Purposive: 1+ specific predefined groups being sought. Researcher may try to choose those who
are typical of population. Very common in districts shown to predict outcomes of election in
previous voting
Snowball: Identify someone who meets criteria and then ask them to recommend other potential
participants who meet criteria. Useful when you're trying to reach inaccessible or hard to find
populations (ex. homeless)
What type of sampling is the use of Purdue students for honors research projects? correct
answers Convenience
The 1992 standardization of an intelligence test was conducted in Dunfries, Scotland,
specifically because it: correct answers Has been used in previous standardization, had
demographic structure similar to UK as a whole, was small geographic area to help with testing
Purposive
