Praxis PLT K-6 Exam Questions and
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Reasoning - ✔✔The ability of the human mind to sort, match, combine and
arrange perceptions, experiences, and information.
Classical conditioning - ✔✔Occurs when automatic and reflexive responses
to stimuli become associated with new stimuli that previously had no effect.
Unconditioned responses - ✔✔Reflexive blinking
Unconditioned stimuli - ✔✔A puff of air to the eye
Conditioned stimulus - ✔✔A buzzer regularly paired with the puff of air
Conditioned response - ✔✔Blinking
Pavlov - ✔✔Classic experiment in which dogs were conditioned to salivate
when they heard a bell ring. Classical Conditioning.
Operant conditioning - ✔✔Occurs as a result of the consequences of
behavior
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Classical Conditioning Response - ✔✔Students rise to exit the classroom
when the bell rings.
Skinner - ✔✔Classic experiment in which rats were conditioned to press a
lever to receive food. Operant conditioning.
Bandera - ✔✔Classic experiment in which children observed an adult
model acting aggressively toward a toy (the "Bobo doll"). When the model
was rewarded for the aggression, children imitated the behaviors toward
the doll, but when the model was punished, children did not
Social Learning Theory - ✔✔Learning by watching others. Social cognitive
theory. Modeling. Bandera.
Information-Processing Theory - ✔✔A model of the human memory with
three major components: sensory register, working memory (sometimes
called short-term memory) and long-term memory.
Working memory - ✔✔Includes a storage and a processing system; its
components include the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and
the central executive.
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Long Term Memory - ✔✔Supposedly has a limitless capacity and can hold
information perhaps indefinitely. Rehearsal, meaningful learning,
elaboration, organization, visual imagery and mnemonics.
Constructivism - ✔✔Creating knowledge from observations and
experiences. John Dewey. Inquiry learning. Student centered, involve
problem solving, and require students to interact socially and
environmentally.
Cognitive Development - ✔✔Understanding of the world is organized into
schemes, which is defined as organized group or similar actions or
thoughts that are used repeatedly in response to the environment. Jean
Piaget.
Assimilation - ✔✔New information is adapted in existing schemes.
Accommodation - ✔✔People must incorporate a new experience by
modifying an old scheme or forming a new scheme.
Disequilibrium - ✔✔Period of flux when individuals are attempting to adjust
prior schemes with new experiences that do not fit into their existing
schemes.