NURS 143 MIDTERM TEST WITH
SOLUTION
Chain of infection
1. pathogen
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. method of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
Examples of a pathogen
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite
examples of Reservoir
(people, animals, soil, food, water)
examples of portal of exit
coughing, sneezing, bodily secretions, feces
examples of modes of transmission
direct & indirective contact, vectors
examples of portal of entry
,mouth, nose, eyes, cuts in skin
examples of susceptible host
elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone
How to stop chain of infection
1. WASH HANDS to stop the chain of infection!
2. Maintain proper vaccines!
3. Be aware of different room precautions (Standard precautions, Contact
precautions, Airborne precautions, droplet precautions)
4. Be aware of cleaning equipment (stethoscopes), keyboard & desktop
Conjunctivitis
in an infant under 30 days of age is called ophthalmia neonatorum. It results
as a baby from vaginal delivery comes in contact with vaginal discharge
containing bacterial organisms
Common signs & symptoms of conjunctivitis
Redness, weeping, inflamed eyes, itching, eyelid edema, serous/purulent
drainage, burning/irritation, sore throat, photophobia, neonate/infant
infection of positive eye cultures: Chlamydia trachomatis OR Neisseria
Gonorrhoeae
Treatment of conjunctivitis
-Culture/sensitivity for bacteria type
-Topical ABX or drops— Prophylactic treatment of erythromycin eye ointment
for all babies @ delivery
, -Frequent eye irrigation
-Warm saline compresses
-Keep lights low
-Activities as tolerated (limited screen time & reading)
Key teaching points for conjunctivitis
-Wash hands thoroughly
Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes
- Use new/clean swabs, gauze, etc. when cleaning the eye
-Not to return to school until antibiotics have been taken for 24 hours
-No sharing towels
Otitis Media
middle ear infection
what are common findings in young children with otitis media
vomiting and diarrhea
what happens if the pain stops abruptly for otitis media?
*If the pain stops abruptly = possible perforation of the tympanic membrane.
Common signs and symptoms of otitis media
Ear pain (rapid onset), "Snapping" or "popping" in the ear, irritability, fever,
poor feeding, malaise, difficulty hearing, red bulging or inflamed tympanic
membrane, drainage from the ear
SOLUTION
Chain of infection
1. pathogen
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. method of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
Examples of a pathogen
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite
examples of Reservoir
(people, animals, soil, food, water)
examples of portal of exit
coughing, sneezing, bodily secretions, feces
examples of modes of transmission
direct & indirective contact, vectors
examples of portal of entry
,mouth, nose, eyes, cuts in skin
examples of susceptible host
elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone
How to stop chain of infection
1. WASH HANDS to stop the chain of infection!
2. Maintain proper vaccines!
3. Be aware of different room precautions (Standard precautions, Contact
precautions, Airborne precautions, droplet precautions)
4. Be aware of cleaning equipment (stethoscopes), keyboard & desktop
Conjunctivitis
in an infant under 30 days of age is called ophthalmia neonatorum. It results
as a baby from vaginal delivery comes in contact with vaginal discharge
containing bacterial organisms
Common signs & symptoms of conjunctivitis
Redness, weeping, inflamed eyes, itching, eyelid edema, serous/purulent
drainage, burning/irritation, sore throat, photophobia, neonate/infant
infection of positive eye cultures: Chlamydia trachomatis OR Neisseria
Gonorrhoeae
Treatment of conjunctivitis
-Culture/sensitivity for bacteria type
-Topical ABX or drops— Prophylactic treatment of erythromycin eye ointment
for all babies @ delivery
, -Frequent eye irrigation
-Warm saline compresses
-Keep lights low
-Activities as tolerated (limited screen time & reading)
Key teaching points for conjunctivitis
-Wash hands thoroughly
Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes
- Use new/clean swabs, gauze, etc. when cleaning the eye
-Not to return to school until antibiotics have been taken for 24 hours
-No sharing towels
Otitis Media
middle ear infection
what are common findings in young children with otitis media
vomiting and diarrhea
what happens if the pain stops abruptly for otitis media?
*If the pain stops abruptly = possible perforation of the tympanic membrane.
Common signs and symptoms of otitis media
Ear pain (rapid onset), "Snapping" or "popping" in the ear, irritability, fever,
poor feeding, malaise, difficulty hearing, red bulging or inflamed tympanic
membrane, drainage from the ear
