ASWB EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Psychosexual development theory - Answers-Individual is motivated by innate drives
and instincts toward a pleasure and immediate gratification. Individual matures and
transforms through various stages. If adult resolves conflicts in the stages then they will
be free of psychic pathology, but if not they may suffer from emotional problems.
Oral stage - Answers-birth-18 months
feeding and organs associated with the function. Focus on receiving and taking. If
fixated here may suffer from schizophrenia or psychotic derpression.
Behavioral Theory - Answers-Focuses on ways in which individuals learn to associate
stress responses with certain situations. People may also react to specific situations
with fear and anxiety because those situations caused them harm or were stressful in
the past
Learning Theory - Answers-Based on the idea that changes in behavior result more
from experience and less from our personality or how we think or feel about a situation.
Feminist Theory - Answers-A sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of
gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience
of women. There are many strands of feminist theory, but they all share the desire to
explain gender inequalities in society and to work to overcome them.
Cognitive Development - Answers-development of processes of knowing, including
imagining, perceiving, reasoning, and problem solving, evaluating, understand
information.
Piaget's theory - Answers-States that children actively construct their understanding of
the world and go through four stages of cognitive development
Sesorimotor Period - Answers-piaget's first stage- (0-2 years) during which the infant
experiences the world through senses and action patterns; progresses from reflexes to
object permanence and symbolic thinking
Preoperational Thought Stage - Answers-Piaget's phase of child development during
the period of 2 to 7 years of age, when the child focuses on the use of language as a
tool. The child has the emerging ability to reason.
Concrete Operations Stage - Answers-Piaget's third stage of cognitive development
(ages 6-11 or 12), during which a child acquires the concepts of reversibility and
conservation and is able to attend to 2 or more dimensions of a stimulus at the same
time
Psychosexual development theory - Answers-Individual is motivated by innate drives
and instincts toward a pleasure and immediate gratification. Individual matures and
transforms through various stages. If adult resolves conflicts in the stages then they will
be free of psychic pathology, but if not they may suffer from emotional problems.
Oral stage - Answers-birth-18 months
feeding and organs associated with the function. Focus on receiving and taking. If
fixated here may suffer from schizophrenia or psychotic derpression.
Behavioral Theory - Answers-Focuses on ways in which individuals learn to associate
stress responses with certain situations. People may also react to specific situations
with fear and anxiety because those situations caused them harm or were stressful in
the past
Learning Theory - Answers-Based on the idea that changes in behavior result more
from experience and less from our personality or how we think or feel about a situation.
Feminist Theory - Answers-A sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of
gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience
of women. There are many strands of feminist theory, but they all share the desire to
explain gender inequalities in society and to work to overcome them.
Cognitive Development - Answers-development of processes of knowing, including
imagining, perceiving, reasoning, and problem solving, evaluating, understand
information.
Piaget's theory - Answers-States that children actively construct their understanding of
the world and go through four stages of cognitive development
Sesorimotor Period - Answers-piaget's first stage- (0-2 years) during which the infant
experiences the world through senses and action patterns; progresses from reflexes to
object permanence and symbolic thinking
Preoperational Thought Stage - Answers-Piaget's phase of child development during
the period of 2 to 7 years of age, when the child focuses on the use of language as a
tool. The child has the emerging ability to reason.
Concrete Operations Stage - Answers-Piaget's third stage of cognitive development
(ages 6-11 or 12), during which a child acquires the concepts of reversibility and
conservation and is able to attend to 2 or more dimensions of a stimulus at the same
time
