NUR 130 Final Review Questions and Answers

Stages 1: NREM - stages last a few minutes - includes lights level of sleep - decreased physiological activity begins with gradual fall in vitals sign and metabolism Sensory stimuli such as nose easily arouse person - when awakened, person feels as though daydreaming has occurred. Stage 2: NREM - stage last 10 to 20 minutes - it is a period of sound sleep - relaxation progresses Stage 3: NREM - stage last 15 to 30 minutes - it involves initial stage of of deep sleep - muscles are completely relax - vital signs decline but remain regular - sleep is difficult to arouse and rarely moves Stage 4: NREM - stage last approximately 15 to 30 minutes - it is the deepest stage of sleep - If sleep loss has occurred, sleeper spends considerable part of the night in this stage. -Vital signs are significantly lower than during waking hours. REM Sleep - stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun - duration increase with each sleep cycle and average 20 minutes - vivid, full color dreaming occur - stage is typified by rapid eyes, fluctuating heart and respiratory rate, increased or fluctuating blood pressure, loss of skeletal muscle tone, increase of gastric secretions - it is very difficult to arouse sleeper Hyperventilation Ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide or produced by cellular metabolism Physiological factors affecting Oxygenation - decreased oxygen carrying capacity - Hypovolemia - Decreased inspired oxygen concentration (COPD) - Increased metabolic rate (Fever) Hyperventilation and Fever and how its is related to Metabolic demands Increase body temperature (fever) increase metabolic rate, thereby increasing carbon dioxide production. The increased carbon dioxide level stimulates an increase in the patients rate and depth of respirations, causing hyperventilation The most effective way to control transmission of infection Hand Hygiene A patient diagnosed with methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) Pneumonia, what type of isolation precaution is appropriate? Droplet precautions Pain evaluation includes measuring the changing character of pain, the patients response to interventions, and his or her perception of the effectiveness of a therapy. How to promote sleep and health promotions for sleep **Daily activities, no sugar before bed - environmental control (nosies, temperature, lighting - promoting bedtime routes - promoting safety - promoting comfort - establishing periods of rest and sleep - stress reduction - bedtime snacks - pharmacological approaches Pressure ulcer classifications - stage 1: no open areas - stage 2: partial thickness skin loss - stage 3: full thickness skin loss that may extend to underlying fascia - stage 4: full thickness skin loss damage to muscle, bone or supporting structures. Furosemide (Lasix) is by far the most commonly used loop diuretic in clinical practice and the prototypical drug in this class. It is used in management of pulmonary edema and the edema associated with heart failure, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, and ascites. It has also been used in the treatment of hypertension, usually that caused by heart failure. Furosemide