NURS 5350- GI EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
osmotic diarrhea
Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws water into the lumen by osmosis,
causing large-volume diarrhea.
secretory diarrhea
Form of large-volume diarrhea caused by excessive mucosal secretion of chloride or
bicarbonate-rich fluid or the inhibition of net sodium absorption.
motility diarrhea
Excessive motility decreases transit time, mucosal surface contact, and opportunities
for fluid absorption.
Manifestations of acute bacterial or viral infection
Fever, with or without vomiting or cramping pain
Manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
Fever, cramping pain, bloody stools
Manifestations of malabsorption syndromes
Steatorrhea (fat in the stools), bloating, and diarrhea
Upper GI bleed
From the esophagus, stomach or duodenum
Frank, bright red bleeding in emesis or dark, grainy digested blood (coffee grounds) in
stool
, Lower GI bleed
bright red stool
From the jejunum, ileum, colon, or rectum
Contributions to GERD
Conditions that increase abdominal pressure
Vomiting, coughing, lifting, bending, obesity, or pregnancy, reclining after a meal.
Sliding hiatal hernia
Most common
Proximal stomach portion moves into the thoracic cavity through an opening in the
diaphragm for the esophagus and vagus nerves
paraesophageal hiatal hernia
Also called rolling hiatal hernia
Herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach is through a secondary opening in
the diaphragm
Mixed hiatal hernia
combination of sliding and paraesophageal
Obstruction at pylorus
Early profuse, vomiting of clear gastric fluid
Obstruction of proximal small intestine
mild distention and vomiting of bile-stained fluid
osmotic diarrhea
Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws water into the lumen by osmosis,
causing large-volume diarrhea.
secretory diarrhea
Form of large-volume diarrhea caused by excessive mucosal secretion of chloride or
bicarbonate-rich fluid or the inhibition of net sodium absorption.
motility diarrhea
Excessive motility decreases transit time, mucosal surface contact, and opportunities
for fluid absorption.
Manifestations of acute bacterial or viral infection
Fever, with or without vomiting or cramping pain
Manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
Fever, cramping pain, bloody stools
Manifestations of malabsorption syndromes
Steatorrhea (fat in the stools), bloating, and diarrhea
Upper GI bleed
From the esophagus, stomach or duodenum
Frank, bright red bleeding in emesis or dark, grainy digested blood (coffee grounds) in
stool
, Lower GI bleed
bright red stool
From the jejunum, ileum, colon, or rectum
Contributions to GERD
Conditions that increase abdominal pressure
Vomiting, coughing, lifting, bending, obesity, or pregnancy, reclining after a meal.
Sliding hiatal hernia
Most common
Proximal stomach portion moves into the thoracic cavity through an opening in the
diaphragm for the esophagus and vagus nerves
paraesophageal hiatal hernia
Also called rolling hiatal hernia
Herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach is through a secondary opening in
the diaphragm
Mixed hiatal hernia
combination of sliding and paraesophageal
Obstruction at pylorus
Early profuse, vomiting of clear gastric fluid
Obstruction of proximal small intestine
mild distention and vomiting of bile-stained fluid
