NURS 5350 Pulmonary Exam Questions And Answers
Current respiratory diseases with a correlation to the Microbiome are
Asthma, COPD, COVID-19 and cystic fibrosis
Cough
Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by explosive expiration
Common causes vary from respiratory postnasal, drip, GERD, and medications(ACE)
Acute cough
resolves in 2-3 weeks
Chronic cough
Last longer than three weeks
Hypoventilation
-Alveolar ventilation is inadequate in relationship to metabolic demands
-Leads to respiratory acidosis from hypercapnia
-Caused by alterations in pulmonary mechanics, or in neurologic control of breathing
Hyperventilation
- alveolar ventilation exceeds metabolic demands
- Results in respiratory alkalosis from hypocapnia
, - caused by anxiety, head injury, or severe hypoxemia
clubbing of nails
Painless and grows over weeks to months secondary to chronic hypoxia
Common etiologies: COPD, CF, pulmonary fibrosis, congenital heart disease, and
bronchiectasis
Hypoxemia
Decreased in arterial blood
Hypoxia
Ischemia- decreased oxygen at the cells
Ventilation- perfusion abnormalities
Shunting
Alveoli dead space: area of alveoli that are ventilated, but not perfused
Acute Respiratory Failure
- there is inadequate gaseous exchange, (hypoxemia)
- Pao2 is <_ 50 mmHg
- hypercapnia ensues, wherein partial pressure of carbon dioxide is less or equal to 50
mmHg
- pH <_ 7.25
- need for ventilatory assistance, oxygen, or both
Current respiratory diseases with a correlation to the Microbiome are
Asthma, COPD, COVID-19 and cystic fibrosis
Cough
Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by explosive expiration
Common causes vary from respiratory postnasal, drip, GERD, and medications(ACE)
Acute cough
resolves in 2-3 weeks
Chronic cough
Last longer than three weeks
Hypoventilation
-Alveolar ventilation is inadequate in relationship to metabolic demands
-Leads to respiratory acidosis from hypercapnia
-Caused by alterations in pulmonary mechanics, or in neurologic control of breathing
Hyperventilation
- alveolar ventilation exceeds metabolic demands
- Results in respiratory alkalosis from hypocapnia
, - caused by anxiety, head injury, or severe hypoxemia
clubbing of nails
Painless and grows over weeks to months secondary to chronic hypoxia
Common etiologies: COPD, CF, pulmonary fibrosis, congenital heart disease, and
bronchiectasis
Hypoxemia
Decreased in arterial blood
Hypoxia
Ischemia- decreased oxygen at the cells
Ventilation- perfusion abnormalities
Shunting
Alveoli dead space: area of alveoli that are ventilated, but not perfused
Acute Respiratory Failure
- there is inadequate gaseous exchange, (hypoxemia)
- Pao2 is <_ 50 mmHg
- hypercapnia ensues, wherein partial pressure of carbon dioxide is less or equal to 50
mmHg
- pH <_ 7.25
- need for ventilatory assistance, oxygen, or both
