Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
What is the most common cause of death in those with growth hormone pituitary adenoma?
Correct Ans-Cardiac failure (growth of visceral organs leading to dysfunction)
What does GH induce? Correct Ans-Liver gluconeogenesis
How do you diagnose growth hormone cell adenoma? Correct Ans-Elevated GH and insulin
growth factor (IGF-1), along with lack of GH suppression by oral glucose
Where is IGF-1 synthesized? Correct Ans-Liver
Treatment of growth hormone pituitary adenoma Correct Ans--Octreotide (somatostatin
analogue that suppresses GH release)
-GH receptor antagonist
-Surgery
What inhibits GH release? Correct Ans-Somatostatin
Octreotide Correct Ans-Somatostatin analogue used to treat GH pituitary adenoma
Where is somatostatin normally produced? Correct Ans-Hypothalamus, it inhibits GH
secretion
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
Name the types of pituitary adenomas Correct Ans-1. Prolactinoma
2. Growth hormone cell adenoma
3. ACTH cell adenoma
4. TSH, LH, FSH producing adenomas are rare (can occur)
What does ACTH producing pituitary adenoma cause? Correct Ans-Cushing Syndrome
Endocrine system is composed of... Correct Ans-A group of glands that maintain body
homeostasis
What controls hormone release of endocrine system? Correct Ans-Feedback mechanism
How do hormones of endocrine system travel? Correct Ans-Via blood
Pituitary adenoma Correct Ans-Benign tumor of anterior pituitary cells
Classification of pituitary adenoma Correct Ans-Functional (hormone-producing) or non-
functional (silent)
How do nonfunctional pituitary adenomas present? Correct Ans-Mass effect
1. Bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of peripheral vision) due to compression of optic chiasm
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
2. Hypopituitarism due to compression of normal pituitary tissue
3. Headache
How do functional pituitary adenomas present? Correct Ans-Features based on the type of
hormone produced
How does prolactinoma (pituitary adenoma) present? Correct Ans-Galactorrhea and
amenorrhea (females) or decreased libido and headache (males)
What is the most common type of pituitary adenoma? Correct Ans-Prolactinoma
Treatment of prolactinoma Correct Ans-Dopamine agonists to suppress prolactin
production
Surgery for larger lesions
Dopamine agonists used to treat prolactinoma Correct Ans-Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
What inhibits prolactin, and what does prolactin inhibit? Correct Ans-DA inhibits
PRL inhibits GnRH release (explaining symptoms in women and men with prolactinoma)
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
How does growth hormone cell pituitary adenoma present? Correct Ans-1. Children:
gigantism (increased linear bone growth, epiphyses are not fused)
2. Adults: acromegaly
3. Secondary DM (GH induces liver gluconeogenesis)
Signs of acromegaly in adults Correct Ans-1. Enlarged bones of hands, feet, and jaw
2. Growth of visceral organs leading to dysfunction (cardiac failure)
3. Enlarged tongue
Insufficient production of hormones by the anterior pituitary glands Correct Ans-
Hypopituitarism
When do symptoms of hypopituitarism arise? Correct Ans-Over 75% of pituitary
parenchyma is lost
Name causes of hypopituitarism Correct Ans-1. Pituitary adenomas (adults) or
craniopharyngiomas (children)
2. Sheehan Syndrome
3. Empty sella syndrome
How does pituitary adenoma/craniopharyngioma cause hypopituitarism Correct Ans-Mass
effect of pituitary apoplexy (bleeding into an adenoma)
What is the most common cause of death in those with growth hormone pituitary adenoma?
Correct Ans-Cardiac failure (growth of visceral organs leading to dysfunction)
What does GH induce? Correct Ans-Liver gluconeogenesis
How do you diagnose growth hormone cell adenoma? Correct Ans-Elevated GH and insulin
growth factor (IGF-1), along with lack of GH suppression by oral glucose
Where is IGF-1 synthesized? Correct Ans-Liver
Treatment of growth hormone pituitary adenoma Correct Ans--Octreotide (somatostatin
analogue that suppresses GH release)
-GH receptor antagonist
-Surgery
What inhibits GH release? Correct Ans-Somatostatin
Octreotide Correct Ans-Somatostatin analogue used to treat GH pituitary adenoma
Where is somatostatin normally produced? Correct Ans-Hypothalamus, it inhibits GH
secretion
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
Name the types of pituitary adenomas Correct Ans-1. Prolactinoma
2. Growth hormone cell adenoma
3. ACTH cell adenoma
4. TSH, LH, FSH producing adenomas are rare (can occur)
What does ACTH producing pituitary adenoma cause? Correct Ans-Cushing Syndrome
Endocrine system is composed of... Correct Ans-A group of glands that maintain body
homeostasis
What controls hormone release of endocrine system? Correct Ans-Feedback mechanism
How do hormones of endocrine system travel? Correct Ans-Via blood
Pituitary adenoma Correct Ans-Benign tumor of anterior pituitary cells
Classification of pituitary adenoma Correct Ans-Functional (hormone-producing) or non-
functional (silent)
How do nonfunctional pituitary adenomas present? Correct Ans-Mass effect
1. Bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of peripheral vision) due to compression of optic chiasm
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
2. Hypopituitarism due to compression of normal pituitary tissue
3. Headache
How do functional pituitary adenomas present? Correct Ans-Features based on the type of
hormone produced
How does prolactinoma (pituitary adenoma) present? Correct Ans-Galactorrhea and
amenorrhea (females) or decreased libido and headache (males)
What is the most common type of pituitary adenoma? Correct Ans-Prolactinoma
Treatment of prolactinoma Correct Ans-Dopamine agonists to suppress prolactin
production
Surgery for larger lesions
Dopamine agonists used to treat prolactinoma Correct Ans-Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
What inhibits prolactin, and what does prolactin inhibit? Correct Ans-DA inhibits
PRL inhibits GnRH release (explaining symptoms in women and men with prolactinoma)
, Pathoma: Chapter 15 Test Questions with Solutions
How does growth hormone cell pituitary adenoma present? Correct Ans-1. Children:
gigantism (increased linear bone growth, epiphyses are not fused)
2. Adults: acromegaly
3. Secondary DM (GH induces liver gluconeogenesis)
Signs of acromegaly in adults Correct Ans-1. Enlarged bones of hands, feet, and jaw
2. Growth of visceral organs leading to dysfunction (cardiac failure)
3. Enlarged tongue
Insufficient production of hormones by the anterior pituitary glands Correct Ans-
Hypopituitarism
When do symptoms of hypopituitarism arise? Correct Ans-Over 75% of pituitary
parenchyma is lost
Name causes of hypopituitarism Correct Ans-1. Pituitary adenomas (adults) or
craniopharyngiomas (children)
2. Sheehan Syndrome
3. Empty sella syndrome
How does pituitary adenoma/craniopharyngioma cause hypopituitarism Correct Ans-Mass
effect of pituitary apoplexy (bleeding into an adenoma)
