Pathoma- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
What is aplasia and hypoplasia? Correct Ans-Aplasia is if no cells can be made.
Hypoplasia is if little cells are made.
What are the 5 general causes of cellular injury? Correct Ans-1. Inflammation
2. Nutritional deficiency
3. Hypoxia
4. Trauma
5. Genetic mutations
What is hypoxia? Correct Ans-Low oxygen
Why is oxygen important?
What are 3 general causes of hypoxia? Correct Ans-Oxygen is used in ETC to make ATP.
, Pathoma- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Hypoxia is caused by either...
1. Ischemia
2. Low partial pressure of oxygen
3. Hb loss or dysfunction
What are the causes of ischemia?
What are the causes of low partial pressure of oxygen?
What are the 3 forms of Hb loss or dysfunction? Correct Ans-Ischemia: Caused by low
artery perfusion, increased venous blood, or shock (generalized hypertension).
Low partial pressure caused by high altitude, hypoventilation, diffusion effect, or V/Q
mismatch.
What is notable (gross) about carboxyheoglobinuria?
, Pathoma- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
What is gross appearance of Methemoglobinemia? What is the treatment? Correct Ans-
Carboxyheoglobinuria appears as cherry red skin.
Methemoglobinemia appears as cyanosis and chocolate colored blood. This condition is
treated with methylene blue.
What does the lack of ATP Disrupt? Correct Ans-Na-K ATPase, causing water build-up.
Ca ATPase, causing increased Ca2+ in cell.
Aerobic glycosis is gone; anaerobic glycolysis takes over, causing lactic acid buildup, causing
low pH, which ultimately denatures DNA.
What is the hallmark of reversible cellular injury? Be specific about this hallmark.
Hint: 3 features Correct Ans-Cell swelling
1. Microvilli are gone,
What is aplasia and hypoplasia? Correct Ans-Aplasia is if no cells can be made.
Hypoplasia is if little cells are made.
What are the 5 general causes of cellular injury? Correct Ans-1. Inflammation
2. Nutritional deficiency
3. Hypoxia
4. Trauma
5. Genetic mutations
What is hypoxia? Correct Ans-Low oxygen
Why is oxygen important?
What are 3 general causes of hypoxia? Correct Ans-Oxygen is used in ETC to make ATP.
, Pathoma- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Hypoxia is caused by either...
1. Ischemia
2. Low partial pressure of oxygen
3. Hb loss or dysfunction
What are the causes of ischemia?
What are the causes of low partial pressure of oxygen?
What are the 3 forms of Hb loss or dysfunction? Correct Ans-Ischemia: Caused by low
artery perfusion, increased venous blood, or shock (generalized hypertension).
Low partial pressure caused by high altitude, hypoventilation, diffusion effect, or V/Q
mismatch.
What is notable (gross) about carboxyheoglobinuria?
, Pathoma- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
What is gross appearance of Methemoglobinemia? What is the treatment? Correct Ans-
Carboxyheoglobinuria appears as cherry red skin.
Methemoglobinemia appears as cyanosis and chocolate colored blood. This condition is
treated with methylene blue.
What does the lack of ATP Disrupt? Correct Ans-Na-K ATPase, causing water build-up.
Ca ATPase, causing increased Ca2+ in cell.
Aerobic glycosis is gone; anaerobic glycolysis takes over, causing lactic acid buildup, causing
low pH, which ultimately denatures DNA.
What is the hallmark of reversible cellular injury? Be specific about this hallmark.
Hint: 3 features Correct Ans-Cell swelling
1. Microvilli are gone,
