CONTENTS
PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING AND ASSESSING BEHAVIOR Page
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management 1
Chapter 2: Legal Considerations for Schools 4
PART TWO: UNDERSTANDING YOUR STUDENTS
S
Chapter 3: Diversity in the Classroom 6
R
Chapter 4: Issues in Early Childhood Behavior 8
VE
Chapter 5: Issues in Adolescent Behavior 11
PART THREE: MEASURING AND CHARTING BEHAVIOR
Chapter 6: Data Collection Techniques 14
Chapter 7: Single-Subject Designs
IE 17
H
PART FOUR: STRATEGIES FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
AC
Chapter 8: Formal Behavioral Assessment 18
Chapter 9: Functional and Curriculum Based Assessment 20
M
PART FIVE: STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING POSITIVE
BEHAVIORAL SUPPORTS
EA
Chapter 10: Positive Behavioral Supports: Reinforcement Strategies 24
Chapter 11: Cognitive Behavior Modification 26
R
PART SIX: STRATEGIES FOR DECREASING BEHAVIORS
Chapter 12: Schoolwide Strategies for Positive Behavior Supports 29
D
Chapter 13: Individual Strategies for Positive Behavior Supports 31
Chapter 14: Strategies for Specific Behavior Challenges 33
Test Bank 36
Answer Key 80
iii
, D
R
EA
M
4
AC
H
IE
VE
R
S
,CHAPTER 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Understanding why individuals behave the way they do and how behavior may be taught,
changed, or modified is the primary concern of this text. In this chapter, historical
foundations, basic concepts, assumptions, as well as common misconceptions of behavior
and behavior management are addressed.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
S
I. Chapter Outcomes and Introduction
R
II. Historical Foundations to Understanding Behavior and Behavior Analysis
VE
A. Classical conditioning
1. Ivan P. Pavlov: The father of classical conditioning
2. John B. Watson: The father of behaviorism
B. Operant conditioning
IE
1. What happens prior to the behavior?
H
2. What happens after the behavior?
3. Edward L. Thorndike: The laws of behavior
AC
4. Burrus Frederic Skinner: The father of operant conditioning
C. The behavioral versus psychoanalytic approach
D. Social learning theory
1. Albert Bandura: The father of social learning theory
M
E. Behavior therapy
1. Systematic desensitization
EA
2. Modeling
3. Biofeedback
F. Applied behavior analysis
1. Ivar Lovass: An early supporter of applied behavior analysis
R
III. Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management
D
A. Behavior
B. Responses
C. Stimuli
D. Antecedents
E. Consequences
E. Reinforcement
F. Punishment
G. Prompts and cues
1. Natural prompts
1
, 2. Verbal prompts
3. Gestural prompts
4. Modeling prompts
5. Physical prompts
IV. Basic Assumptions about Behavior and Behavior Management
A. Most behaviors are learned
B. Most behaviors are stimulus-specific
C. Most behaviors can be taught, modified, and changed
D. Behavior change goals should be specific and clearly defined
S
E. Behavior change programs should be individualized
F. Behavior change programs should focus on the here and now
R
G. Behavior change programs should focus on the child’s environment
H. Behavior change programs should focus on reinforcement strategies and
VE
other positive behavior supports
V. Myths and Misconceptions about Behavior and Behavior Management
A.
B.
IE
Myth: Changing another person’s behavior is coercive
Myth: The use of reinforcement to change behavior is a form of
H
bribery
C. Myth: Children will learn to behave appropriately only for
AC
reinforcement
D. Myth: Children should “work” for intrinsic reinforcers
E. Myth: All children should be treated in the same way
M
VI. Summary
EA
VII. Discussion Questions
VIII. References
R
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FROM TEXT
D
1. What are the differences between classical and operant conditioning? Provide
examples of each as observed in everyday situations.
2. Describe the primary differences between the psychoanalytic and behavioral
approaches to understanding behavior.
3. Discuss and give examples of how some of the treatment strategies in behavior
therapy are related to classical conditioning
2
PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING AND ASSESSING BEHAVIOR Page
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management 1
Chapter 2: Legal Considerations for Schools 4
PART TWO: UNDERSTANDING YOUR STUDENTS
S
Chapter 3: Diversity in the Classroom 6
R
Chapter 4: Issues in Early Childhood Behavior 8
VE
Chapter 5: Issues in Adolescent Behavior 11
PART THREE: MEASURING AND CHARTING BEHAVIOR
Chapter 6: Data Collection Techniques 14
Chapter 7: Single-Subject Designs
IE 17
H
PART FOUR: STRATEGIES FOR BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
AC
Chapter 8: Formal Behavioral Assessment 18
Chapter 9: Functional and Curriculum Based Assessment 20
M
PART FIVE: STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING POSITIVE
BEHAVIORAL SUPPORTS
EA
Chapter 10: Positive Behavioral Supports: Reinforcement Strategies 24
Chapter 11: Cognitive Behavior Modification 26
R
PART SIX: STRATEGIES FOR DECREASING BEHAVIORS
Chapter 12: Schoolwide Strategies for Positive Behavior Supports 29
D
Chapter 13: Individual Strategies for Positive Behavior Supports 31
Chapter 14: Strategies for Specific Behavior Challenges 33
Test Bank 36
Answer Key 80
iii
, D
R
EA
M
4
AC
H
IE
VE
R
S
,CHAPTER 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Understanding why individuals behave the way they do and how behavior may be taught,
changed, or modified is the primary concern of this text. In this chapter, historical
foundations, basic concepts, assumptions, as well as common misconceptions of behavior
and behavior management are addressed.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
S
I. Chapter Outcomes and Introduction
R
II. Historical Foundations to Understanding Behavior and Behavior Analysis
VE
A. Classical conditioning
1. Ivan P. Pavlov: The father of classical conditioning
2. John B. Watson: The father of behaviorism
B. Operant conditioning
IE
1. What happens prior to the behavior?
H
2. What happens after the behavior?
3. Edward L. Thorndike: The laws of behavior
AC
4. Burrus Frederic Skinner: The father of operant conditioning
C. The behavioral versus psychoanalytic approach
D. Social learning theory
1. Albert Bandura: The father of social learning theory
M
E. Behavior therapy
1. Systematic desensitization
EA
2. Modeling
3. Biofeedback
F. Applied behavior analysis
1. Ivar Lovass: An early supporter of applied behavior analysis
R
III. Basic Concepts of Behavior and Behavior Management
D
A. Behavior
B. Responses
C. Stimuli
D. Antecedents
E. Consequences
E. Reinforcement
F. Punishment
G. Prompts and cues
1. Natural prompts
1
, 2. Verbal prompts
3. Gestural prompts
4. Modeling prompts
5. Physical prompts
IV. Basic Assumptions about Behavior and Behavior Management
A. Most behaviors are learned
B. Most behaviors are stimulus-specific
C. Most behaviors can be taught, modified, and changed
D. Behavior change goals should be specific and clearly defined
S
E. Behavior change programs should be individualized
F. Behavior change programs should focus on the here and now
R
G. Behavior change programs should focus on the child’s environment
H. Behavior change programs should focus on reinforcement strategies and
VE
other positive behavior supports
V. Myths and Misconceptions about Behavior and Behavior Management
A.
B.
IE
Myth: Changing another person’s behavior is coercive
Myth: The use of reinforcement to change behavior is a form of
H
bribery
C. Myth: Children will learn to behave appropriately only for
AC
reinforcement
D. Myth: Children should “work” for intrinsic reinforcers
E. Myth: All children should be treated in the same way
M
VI. Summary
EA
VII. Discussion Questions
VIII. References
R
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FROM TEXT
D
1. What are the differences between classical and operant conditioning? Provide
examples of each as observed in everyday situations.
2. Describe the primary differences between the psychoanalytic and behavioral
approaches to understanding behavior.
3. Discuss and give examples of how some of the treatment strategies in behavior
therapy are related to classical conditioning
2
