Nurs 143 Chapter 21 Test With
Solution
young old age - ANSWER 65-74 years
Middle old age - ANSWER 75-84 years
old old age - ANSWER 85+
skin hair and nail changes - ANSWER decreased sweat glands causes dry skin
loss of collagen and electricity causes wrinkling
reduced blood flow to dermis affects temp control
decreased melanin- gray and thinning hair
nails become thicker, brittle, hard, and yellow
HEENT changes - ANSWER presbyopia
night vision and depth perception decreased
color perception decreased (blue, violet, green)
hearing loss occurs
decreased smell and taste
loss of gingival tissue
, decreased saliva production
muscle weakness can lead to difficulty chewing and swallowing
atrophy of thyroid gland occurs
cervical curvature and kyphosis leads to downward and forward position of
the head
respiratory changes - ANSWER diminished strength of respiratory muscles
chest walls become stiffer
loss of elasticity of alveoli causes dyspnea on exertion
cardiovascular changes - ANSWER increased arterial resistance contributes to
HTN
cardiac output decreased by 30-40%
orthostatic hypotension may contribute to falls
changes in heart sounds (may hear S3 and S4)
GI changes - ANSWER GI motility slowed, increases time through intestine
decreased motility and lower esophageal pressure leads to regurgitation,
heartburn, etc.
less healthy normal flora may impair digestion
decreased sphincter tone my cause fecal incontinence
Solution
young old age - ANSWER 65-74 years
Middle old age - ANSWER 75-84 years
old old age - ANSWER 85+
skin hair and nail changes - ANSWER decreased sweat glands causes dry skin
loss of collagen and electricity causes wrinkling
reduced blood flow to dermis affects temp control
decreased melanin- gray and thinning hair
nails become thicker, brittle, hard, and yellow
HEENT changes - ANSWER presbyopia
night vision and depth perception decreased
color perception decreased (blue, violet, green)
hearing loss occurs
decreased smell and taste
loss of gingival tissue
, decreased saliva production
muscle weakness can lead to difficulty chewing and swallowing
atrophy of thyroid gland occurs
cervical curvature and kyphosis leads to downward and forward position of
the head
respiratory changes - ANSWER diminished strength of respiratory muscles
chest walls become stiffer
loss of elasticity of alveoli causes dyspnea on exertion
cardiovascular changes - ANSWER increased arterial resistance contributes to
HTN
cardiac output decreased by 30-40%
orthostatic hypotension may contribute to falls
changes in heart sounds (may hear S3 and S4)
GI changes - ANSWER GI motility slowed, increases time through intestine
decreased motility and lower esophageal pressure leads to regurgitation,
heartburn, etc.
less healthy normal flora may impair digestion
decreased sphincter tone my cause fecal incontinence
