BCH 3023C Exam 2
Primary function of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Fuel for body - energy and biosynthesis
Classification of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔- aldoses vs ketoses
- number of carbons (ex: triose = 3 carbons)
Constitutional isomers - correct answer ✔✔same molecular formula, different connectivity
Stereoisomers - correct answer ✔✔Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different
arrangement of the atoms in space.
Enantiomers - correct answer ✔✔mirror images of each other
Distereomers - correct answer ✔✔stereoisomers that are not mirror images
Epimers - correct answer ✔✔differ in one carbon's placement of -OH
Anomers - correct answer ✔✔isomers that differ at a new asymmetric carbon atom formed on ring
closure
D-Ribose - correct answer ✔✔aldopentose
D-glyceraldehyde - correct answer ✔✔aldotriose
D-glucose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
D-mannose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
, D-galactose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
D-fructose - correct answer ✔✔ketohexose
Dihydroxyacetone - correct answer ✔✔ketotriose
Pyranose - correct answer ✔✔6 membered ring
Furanose - correct answer ✔✔5 membered ring
Anomeric carbons - correct answer ✔✔bonded to two oxygens
Hemiacetals (reversible ring opening) and acetals (nonreversible ring opening) - correct answer
✔✔Aldehyde or ketone reacted with alcohol forms hemiacetal
Hemiacetal reacted with alcohol forms acetal
Cyclic hemiacetals can form if a molecule contains both C=O and OH functional groups (aldehyde and
ketones)
Reducing sugar - correct answer ✔✔any monosaccharide with a hemiacetal ring (serves as reducing
agent - can be oxidized)
Non-reducing sugar - correct answer ✔✔A sugar which cannot serve as a reducing agent. An example is
sucrose.
Aldehyde oxidation - correct answer ✔✔-Ketone groups cannot be oxidized
-Aldehyde groups can be oxidized
Keto-enol tautomerization - correct answer ✔✔-keto form is preferred
-enols are critical intermediates for aldehydes/ketones reactions
Primary function of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔Fuel for body - energy and biosynthesis
Classification of carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔- aldoses vs ketoses
- number of carbons (ex: triose = 3 carbons)
Constitutional isomers - correct answer ✔✔same molecular formula, different connectivity
Stereoisomers - correct answer ✔✔Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different
arrangement of the atoms in space.
Enantiomers - correct answer ✔✔mirror images of each other
Distereomers - correct answer ✔✔stereoisomers that are not mirror images
Epimers - correct answer ✔✔differ in one carbon's placement of -OH
Anomers - correct answer ✔✔isomers that differ at a new asymmetric carbon atom formed on ring
closure
D-Ribose - correct answer ✔✔aldopentose
D-glyceraldehyde - correct answer ✔✔aldotriose
D-glucose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
D-mannose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
, D-galactose - correct answer ✔✔aldohexose
D-fructose - correct answer ✔✔ketohexose
Dihydroxyacetone - correct answer ✔✔ketotriose
Pyranose - correct answer ✔✔6 membered ring
Furanose - correct answer ✔✔5 membered ring
Anomeric carbons - correct answer ✔✔bonded to two oxygens
Hemiacetals (reversible ring opening) and acetals (nonreversible ring opening) - correct answer
✔✔Aldehyde or ketone reacted with alcohol forms hemiacetal
Hemiacetal reacted with alcohol forms acetal
Cyclic hemiacetals can form if a molecule contains both C=O and OH functional groups (aldehyde and
ketones)
Reducing sugar - correct answer ✔✔any monosaccharide with a hemiacetal ring (serves as reducing
agent - can be oxidized)
Non-reducing sugar - correct answer ✔✔A sugar which cannot serve as a reducing agent. An example is
sucrose.
Aldehyde oxidation - correct answer ✔✔-Ketone groups cannot be oxidized
-Aldehyde groups can be oxidized
Keto-enol tautomerization - correct answer ✔✔-keto form is preferred
-enols are critical intermediates for aldehydes/ketones reactions
