NURS 5450 Exam 1 - Body Temperature
Regulation With Solution
Hypothermia is defined as _______.
Temperature < 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 F)
What is normal core body temperature?
37 C (98.6 F)
How does body temperature vary throughout the day (Diurnal Variation)?
• Low: early AM
• High: early evening
Elderly people tend to have a temperature that is _____ lower than younger people.
0.5*C
What are the mechanisms of heat loss?
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation
• Skin is a significant way to dissipate or lose heat
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
,Hypothermic v Non-hypothermic (image)
What accounts for 60%-70% of the bodyʼ s
heat loss to the environment?
Radiation
How does radiation occur?
Occurs via infrared radiation
What does infared radiation result in?
• Loss of body heat to cooler objects in the room
• No physical contact with objects required for radiant heat loss to occur
What is the major source of heat loss especially in OR?
Radiation heat loss (patient unclothed, transfer of hear from body to room)
- Prevent it by simple covering (blankets) or heating surrounding surfaces
What is conduction heat loss?
• Loss of heat from one surface to another adjacent surface
• Heat lost to cooler objects the body is touching (OR table, wet skin increases loss
25-fold)
1L crystalloid infused at room temperature (20 C) causes patient to expend _____ to
, warm the fluid to 37C.
15 kcal
How do blood products affect patient temperature?
- Via conduction heat loss:
- 30 kcal to increase temperature of unit of transfused blood from 4. C to 37. C
- Infusion of 2 units of cold blood can decrease core temp by almost 1* C
What is convection heat loss?
- 2nd major source of heat loss
- Loss of heat to air currents flowing over the body
- Wind-chill effect
- Difference between skin and air temperatures multiplied by square root of air
speed
• Air movement actually decreases heat buildup near skin surface, heat is not only
Regulation With Solution
Hypothermia is defined as _______.
Temperature < 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 F)
What is normal core body temperature?
37 C (98.6 F)
How does body temperature vary throughout the day (Diurnal Variation)?
• Low: early AM
• High: early evening
Elderly people tend to have a temperature that is _____ lower than younger people.
0.5*C
What are the mechanisms of heat loss?
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation
• Skin is a significant way to dissipate or lose heat
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
Mechanisms of Heat Loss (image)
,Hypothermic v Non-hypothermic (image)
What accounts for 60%-70% of the bodyʼ s
heat loss to the environment?
Radiation
How does radiation occur?
Occurs via infrared radiation
What does infared radiation result in?
• Loss of body heat to cooler objects in the room
• No physical contact with objects required for radiant heat loss to occur
What is the major source of heat loss especially in OR?
Radiation heat loss (patient unclothed, transfer of hear from body to room)
- Prevent it by simple covering (blankets) or heating surrounding surfaces
What is conduction heat loss?
• Loss of heat from one surface to another adjacent surface
• Heat lost to cooler objects the body is touching (OR table, wet skin increases loss
25-fold)
1L crystalloid infused at room temperature (20 C) causes patient to expend _____ to
, warm the fluid to 37C.
15 kcal
How do blood products affect patient temperature?
- Via conduction heat loss:
- 30 kcal to increase temperature of unit of transfused blood from 4. C to 37. C
- Infusion of 2 units of cold blood can decrease core temp by almost 1* C
What is convection heat loss?
- 2nd major source of heat loss
- Loss of heat to air currents flowing over the body
- Wind-chill effect
- Difference between skin and air temperatures multiplied by square root of air
speed
• Air movement actually decreases heat buildup near skin surface, heat is not only
