.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
,.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s ―transcendental method‖ is sometimes called ―inference to best explanation.‖ Explain this method and how itworks.
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment of
―computer intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
a. anger management c. memory
b. decision making d. Attention
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
a. reading a newspaper c. talking on the phone
b. studying for a test d. breathing
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease
b. language acquisition d. problem-solving strategies
,.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
4. Consider the sequence ―Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.‖ Most people, after
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
Betsy‘s goals depends on the fact that
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we‘re understanding an event
or conversation.
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
event.
d. the individual sentences are short.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
a. ―He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.‖
b. ―He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.‖
c. ―Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.‖
d. ―He remembered that it was only a week ago that he‘d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.‖
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone‘s
ability to remember.
c. Memory is not very important.
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
specific sites that are damaged.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
a. memory dysfunction. c. inarticulate speech.
b. an inability to recognize patterns. d. impaired language comprehension.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
8. The term ―introspection‖ refers to the
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain‘s electrical activity.
, .
c. process kof keach kperson klooking kwithin, kto kobserve khis kor kher kown kthoughts kand kideas.
d. technique kof kstudying kthought kby kinterpreting kthe ksymbols kused kin kcommunication.
ANS: k C DIF: Easy REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kRemembering
9. Akparticipant kis kasked kto klook kwithin khimself kor kherself kand kreport kon khis kor kher kown kmental kprocesses. kThis kmethod
is kcalled
a. logical kinference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: k C DIF: Easy REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kRemembering
10. Of kthe kfollowing, kintrospection kis kLEAST kuseful kfor kstudying
a. topics kthat kare kstrongly kcolored kby kemotion.
b. mental kevents kthat kare kunconscious.
c. processes kthat kinvolve kconceptual kknowledge.
d. events kthat ktake ka klong ktime kto kunfold.
ANS: k B DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kUnderstanding
11. Which kof kthe kfollowing kstatements kabout kintrospection kis kFALSE?
a. It kis kthe konly kway kto kobserve kconscious kevents kdirectly.
b. It kis ksubjective.
c. It kprovides kstrong kevidence kfor khypothesis-testing.
d. It kwas ka ktechnique kused khistorically kto kstudy kcognition.
ANS: k C DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kUnderstanding
12. Genie kwonders kwhy kshe kcan knever kremember kthe knames kof knew kacquaintances. kIn ksearch kof kan kanswer, kshe
examines kand kreflects kon kher kfeelings kabout kmeeting knew kpeople. kGenie kis kengaged kin kwhich kprocess?
k
a. practical krehearsal c. learning khistory kanalysis
b. introspection d. goal kretrieval
ANS: k B DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kApplying
13. Introspection kwas kemployed kas ka kresearch ktool kin kthe klate k1800s kbecause
a. it kwas kregarded kas kthe konly kway kto kobserve kthe kmind‘s kcontents kdirectly.
b. it kprovided kdata kfrom kindividuals kwithout kany kspecialized ktraining.
c. conscious kevents kare kjust kas kimportant kas kunconscious kevents.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
,.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s ―transcendental method‖ is sometimes called ―inference to best explanation.‖ Explain this method and how itworks.
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment of
―computer intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
a. anger management c. memory
b. decision making d. Attention
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
a. reading a newspaper c. talking on the phone
b. studying for a test d. breathing
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease
b. language acquisition d. problem-solving strategies
,.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
4. Consider the sequence ―Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.‖ Most people, after
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
Betsy‘s goals depends on the fact that
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we‘re understanding an event
or conversation.
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
event.
d. the individual sentences are short.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
a. ―He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.‖
b. ―He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.‖
c. ―Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.‖
d. ―He remembered that it was only a week ago that he‘d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.‖
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone‘s
ability to remember.
c. Memory is not very important.
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
specific sites that are damaged.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
a. memory dysfunction. c. inarticulate speech.
b. an inability to recognize patterns. d. impaired language comprehension.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
8. The term ―introspection‖ refers to the
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain‘s electrical activity.
, .
c. process kof keach kperson klooking kwithin, kto kobserve khis kor kher kown kthoughts kand kideas.
d. technique kof kstudying kthought kby kinterpreting kthe ksymbols kused kin kcommunication.
ANS: k C DIF: Easy REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kRemembering
9. Akparticipant kis kasked kto klook kwithin khimself kor kherself kand kreport kon khis kor kher kown kmental kprocesses. kThis kmethod
is kcalled
a. logical kinference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: k C DIF: Easy REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kRemembering
10. Of kthe kfollowing, kintrospection kis kLEAST kuseful kfor kstudying
a. topics kthat kare kstrongly kcolored kby kemotion.
b. mental kevents kthat kare kunconscious.
c. processes kthat kinvolve kconceptual kknowledge.
d. events kthat ktake ka klong ktime kto kunfold.
ANS: k B DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kUnderstanding
11. Which kof kthe kfollowing kstatements kabout kintrospection kis kFALSE?
a. It kis kthe konly kway kto kobserve kconscious kevents kdirectly.
b. It kis ksubjective.
c. It kprovides kstrong kevidence kfor khypothesis-testing.
d. It kwas ka ktechnique kused khistorically kto kstudy kcognition.
ANS: k C DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kUnderstanding
12. Genie kwonders kwhy kshe kcan knever kremember kthe knames kof knew kacquaintances. kIn ksearch kof kan kanswer, kshe
examines kand kreflects kon kher kfeelings kabout kmeeting knew kpeople. kGenie kis kengaged kin kwhich kprocess?
k
a. practical krehearsal c. learning khistory kanalysis
b. introspection d. goal kretrieval
ANS: k B DIF: Moderate REF: The kLimits kof
kIntrospection kOBJ: 1.3 MSC: kApplying
13. Introspection kwas kemployed kas ka kresearch ktool kin kthe klate k1800s kbecause
a. it kwas kregarded kas kthe konly kway kto kobserve kthe kmind‘s kcontents kdirectly.
b. it kprovided kdata kfrom kindividuals kwithout kany kspecialized ktraining.
c. conscious kevents kare kjust kas kimportant kas kunconscious kevents.
