ASU BIO 181 ESQUEDA EXAM 2
CERTIFIED 2024-2025 GRADED A+
quorum sensing (correct answer) The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other
bacteria via secreted chemical signals.
receptor protein (correct answer) Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell
activity after binding to a particular substance.
signaling molecules (correct answer) ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones,
hormones: bind to receptors
intercellular communication (correct answer) "between cells"
intracellular communication (correct answer) "within cells"
small hydrophobic ligands (correct answer) directly diffuse through the plasma
membrane and interact with internal receptors
hydrophobic ligands (correct answer) water soluble and polar, usually large and won't
cross the plasma membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands (correct answer) small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short
distances
internal receptors (correct answer) (intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors)
respond to hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
cell surface receptors (correct answer) (transmembrane receptors, membrane
anchored proteins) bind to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
signal transduction (correct answer) extracellular signals produce an intracellular
response
ion channel linked receptors (correct answer) binding of ligand on extracellular side
causes opening of an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
g-protein linked receptors (correct answer) ligands bind to a receptor which activates a
G protein causing the release of a second messenger such as cAMP
enzyme linked receptors (correct answer) (receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal
while intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another
, molecule, one molecule binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more
proteins to bind and become active, molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene
expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED FROM KINASE TO KINASE
cyclic AMP (cAMP) (correct answer) ATP converts to cAMP in g-protein linked
reception, amplifies the cell signal
g-proteins (correct answer) active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
signal propagation (correct answer) signal travels
intracrine signaling (correct answer) where the ligand and receptor are made and bind
to each other in the same cell
autocrine signaling (correct answer) signals produced from a cell that binds to a
receptor on that same cell
gap junctions (correct answer) target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling
between adjacent cells
paracrine signaling (correct answer) signals that act locally between cells that are close
together, quick response
juxtacrine signaling (correct answer) signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct
contact, signals transmitted along cell membranes
endocrine signaling (correct answer) signals from distant cells, produces hormones,
slower response but last longer
Pheromones (correct answer) chemicals capable of acting like hormones to impact the
behavior of the recipient
signaling cell (correct answer) cell that releases signal molecules that allow
communication with another cell
signaling molecule (correct answer) The carrier of information transmitted when the
signaling molecule binds to a receptor; also referred to as a ligand.
receptor proteins (correct answer) Proteins that transmit information in and out of cells.
They allow communication between cells.
responding cell (correct answer) the cell that receives information from the signaling
molecule
receptor activation (correct answer) single binds to a receptor which is then activated
CERTIFIED 2024-2025 GRADED A+
quorum sensing (correct answer) The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other
bacteria via secreted chemical signals.
receptor protein (correct answer) Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell
activity after binding to a particular substance.
signaling molecules (correct answer) ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones,
hormones: bind to receptors
intercellular communication (correct answer) "between cells"
intracellular communication (correct answer) "within cells"
small hydrophobic ligands (correct answer) directly diffuse through the plasma
membrane and interact with internal receptors
hydrophobic ligands (correct answer) water soluble and polar, usually large and won't
cross the plasma membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands (correct answer) small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short
distances
internal receptors (correct answer) (intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors)
respond to hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
cell surface receptors (correct answer) (transmembrane receptors, membrane
anchored proteins) bind to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
signal transduction (correct answer) extracellular signals produce an intracellular
response
ion channel linked receptors (correct answer) binding of ligand on extracellular side
causes opening of an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
g-protein linked receptors (correct answer) ligands bind to a receptor which activates a
G protein causing the release of a second messenger such as cAMP
enzyme linked receptors (correct answer) (receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal
while intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another
, molecule, one molecule binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more
proteins to bind and become active, molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene
expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED FROM KINASE TO KINASE
cyclic AMP (cAMP) (correct answer) ATP converts to cAMP in g-protein linked
reception, amplifies the cell signal
g-proteins (correct answer) active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
signal propagation (correct answer) signal travels
intracrine signaling (correct answer) where the ligand and receptor are made and bind
to each other in the same cell
autocrine signaling (correct answer) signals produced from a cell that binds to a
receptor on that same cell
gap junctions (correct answer) target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling
between adjacent cells
paracrine signaling (correct answer) signals that act locally between cells that are close
together, quick response
juxtacrine signaling (correct answer) signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct
contact, signals transmitted along cell membranes
endocrine signaling (correct answer) signals from distant cells, produces hormones,
slower response but last longer
Pheromones (correct answer) chemicals capable of acting like hormones to impact the
behavior of the recipient
signaling cell (correct answer) cell that releases signal molecules that allow
communication with another cell
signaling molecule (correct answer) The carrier of information transmitted when the
signaling molecule binds to a receptor; also referred to as a ligand.
receptor proteins (correct answer) Proteins that transmit information in and out of cells.
They allow communication between cells.
responding cell (correct answer) the cell that receives information from the signaling
molecule
receptor activation (correct answer) single binds to a receptor which is then activated
