NURS 368 Exam 1 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
what is hematopoiesis - ANSWER how the blood is made
- blood is made from bone marrow (RBC, WBC, platelets)
what is the job of the RBC - ANSWER transport oxygen
- if low RBC then low oxygen which indicates anemia
- might be dizzy, increased HR, low O2, pale, SOB, fatigue
what is the purpose of WBC ANSWER to fight infection so if low the body is
immunocompromised and will need to be placed in neutropenic precautions
what is the purpose of platelets ANSWER to help the blood clot so if low then there is a
risk for bleeding
what 4 nutrients does it take to make blood ANSWER iron, Vit B12, folic acid, and Vit C
what can depress the bone marrow ANSWER Other cancers, like lymphoma or
leukemia, Chemotherapy and radiation
It causes the depression of bone marrow and a decrease in the manufacture of RBCs
leading to anemia
What is hemoglobin ANSWER it is found on RBCS and it is what O2 sticks to allowing for
oxygen to be carried thru the body
Iron is needed to form HgB
anemia basics and some common causes- ANSWER low RBCs that can be caused by
depressed bone marrow, active GI bleed, or destroyed
,- if RBCs are low usually HgB is too unless it is the direct result of low iron
Anemia Grading based on specific people What's key to remember? - All hospitals have
a different transfuse number, but sometimes depending on the patient we need to
transfuse before then.
Watch for chest pain, SOB esp when ambulating, low O2
What does a blood smear show and what will iron def and pernicious look like? -
ANSWER show shape, color, and size of RBCs
- Iron will be small and be dark in color
- pernicious will be large, floppy, and normal in color
What is sickle cell anemia? - ANSWER a genetic disorder more common in AA that has
HBS hgb instead of HSA
- must get HBS trait from both parents, if from just one parent then they would carry the
trait
what's the normal life cycle of a RBC compare to SCD - ANSWER typically survive 120
days but in SCD they last 10-20 days before they die
-this results in a great deal more RBCs debris in the body which can clump forming clots
and restrict the flow of blood
-body is chronically anemic bc RBCs die too quickly before bone marrow can replace it
why isn't SCD dx until 5-6 months ANSWER babies are born with HgF hgb before it turns
into HGB
slow growth of children can be seen
Why is there an increased risk of infection for individuals with SCD? ANSWER The
spleen enables us to fight infection, but because it is so pre-occupied with all of the RBC
debris, it doesn't have "time" to fight infection, thus making the body more susceptible.
, in SCD when does cell itself become sickled - ANS when body becomes hypoxic the cells
begin to sickle which causes them to become more sticky and potentially clot which can
cause high pain
what are two ways to diagnose SCD - ANS sickledex - finger stick that shows the hgb
level
hgb electrophoresis - shows the types of hgb (HBA or HBS)
what is s/s of obstructive SCD ANSWER cool limbs, chest pain, SOB, increased pain,
weak pulses
what causes sickling of cells ANSWER anything that causes low oxygen
- infection
- high altitudes
- pregnancy
- dehydration
- avoid alc, caffeine, nicotine
what are two meds for SCD ANSWER hydroxyureas
- helps increase HBF to reduce sickling
- not for prego
- increased risk for leukemia
- can potentially suppress bone marrow
Endari
- expensive
- helps to expand life span by decreasing ability to sickle
what are s/s of SCD - ANSWER - joint and extremities in lots of pains
- fatigue, SOB
what is hematopoiesis - ANSWER how the blood is made
- blood is made from bone marrow (RBC, WBC, platelets)
what is the job of the RBC - ANSWER transport oxygen
- if low RBC then low oxygen which indicates anemia
- might be dizzy, increased HR, low O2, pale, SOB, fatigue
what is the purpose of WBC ANSWER to fight infection so if low the body is
immunocompromised and will need to be placed in neutropenic precautions
what is the purpose of platelets ANSWER to help the blood clot so if low then there is a
risk for bleeding
what 4 nutrients does it take to make blood ANSWER iron, Vit B12, folic acid, and Vit C
what can depress the bone marrow ANSWER Other cancers, like lymphoma or
leukemia, Chemotherapy and radiation
It causes the depression of bone marrow and a decrease in the manufacture of RBCs
leading to anemia
What is hemoglobin ANSWER it is found on RBCS and it is what O2 sticks to allowing for
oxygen to be carried thru the body
Iron is needed to form HgB
anemia basics and some common causes- ANSWER low RBCs that can be caused by
depressed bone marrow, active GI bleed, or destroyed
,- if RBCs are low usually HgB is too unless it is the direct result of low iron
Anemia Grading based on specific people What's key to remember? - All hospitals have
a different transfuse number, but sometimes depending on the patient we need to
transfuse before then.
Watch for chest pain, SOB esp when ambulating, low O2
What does a blood smear show and what will iron def and pernicious look like? -
ANSWER show shape, color, and size of RBCs
- Iron will be small and be dark in color
- pernicious will be large, floppy, and normal in color
What is sickle cell anemia? - ANSWER a genetic disorder more common in AA that has
HBS hgb instead of HSA
- must get HBS trait from both parents, if from just one parent then they would carry the
trait
what's the normal life cycle of a RBC compare to SCD - ANSWER typically survive 120
days but in SCD they last 10-20 days before they die
-this results in a great deal more RBCs debris in the body which can clump forming clots
and restrict the flow of blood
-body is chronically anemic bc RBCs die too quickly before bone marrow can replace it
why isn't SCD dx until 5-6 months ANSWER babies are born with HgF hgb before it turns
into HGB
slow growth of children can be seen
Why is there an increased risk of infection for individuals with SCD? ANSWER The
spleen enables us to fight infection, but because it is so pre-occupied with all of the RBC
debris, it doesn't have "time" to fight infection, thus making the body more susceptible.
, in SCD when does cell itself become sickled - ANS when body becomes hypoxic the cells
begin to sickle which causes them to become more sticky and potentially clot which can
cause high pain
what are two ways to diagnose SCD - ANS sickledex - finger stick that shows the hgb
level
hgb electrophoresis - shows the types of hgb (HBA or HBS)
what is s/s of obstructive SCD ANSWER cool limbs, chest pain, SOB, increased pain,
weak pulses
what causes sickling of cells ANSWER anything that causes low oxygen
- infection
- high altitudes
- pregnancy
- dehydration
- avoid alc, caffeine, nicotine
what are two meds for SCD ANSWER hydroxyureas
- helps increase HBF to reduce sickling
- not for prego
- increased risk for leukemia
- can potentially suppress bone marrow
Endari
- expensive
- helps to expand life span by decreasing ability to sickle
what are s/s of SCD - ANSWER - joint and extremities in lots of pains
- fatigue, SOB
