PNS and Pharyngeal Development Questions And Answers | Latest Update

PNS and Pharyngeal Development Questions And Answers | Latest Update 1. The secondary palate is formed from the: A) Maxilla B) Mandible C) Lateral palatine processes D) Incisive papilla Answer: C) Lateral palatine processes________________________________________ 2. Which pharyngeal arch is responsible for the formation of the maxilla and mandible? A) First arch B) Second arch C) Third arch D) Fourth arch Answer: A) First arch________________________________________ 3. What structure develops from the fusion of the endoderm of the pharyngeal pouches and the ectoderm of the pharyngeal grooves? A) Larynx B) Thyroid gland C) Pharyngeal membrane D) Trachea Answer: C) Pharyngeal membrane________________________________________ 4. Which of the following components of the peripheral nervous system is derived from neural crest cells? A) Dorsal root ganglia B) Spinal cord C) Brainstem D) Cerebellum Answer: A) Dorsal root ganglia________________________________________ 5. The secondary palate arises from the lateral palatine processes (shelves) of the ________________. A) Mandible B) Maxilla C) First arch D) Second arch Answer: B) Maxilla________________________________________ 6. The auricle of the external ear develops from: A) First and second pharyngeal arches B) First pharyngeal arch only C) Third pharyngeal arch D) Fourth pharyngeal arch Answer: A) First and second pharyngeal arches________________________________________ 7. The axons of sympathetic preganglionic neurons that enter the sympathetic trunk ganglia can do the following, EXCEPT: A) Synapse with postganglionic neurons B) Ascend or descend the trunk C) Pass through without synapsing D) Enter the dorsal root Answer: D) Enter the dorsal root________________________________________ 8. The lateral palatine processes initially grow downward toward the future floor of the mouth. This is caused by the presence of the: A) Tongue B) Mandible C) Maxilla D) Pharynx Answer: A) Tongue________________________________________ 9. What anatomical structure is formed at the junction of the anterior two-thirds and posterior one-third of the tongue during development? A) Foramen cecum B) Sulcus terminalis C) Lingual frenulum D) Papillae Answer: B) Sulcus terminalis________________________________________ 10. In regards to the pharyngotympanic tube, which of the following statements is true? A) It connects the throat to the middle ear B) It is entirely derived from the second pharyngeal arch C) It closes completely at birth D) It is involved in taste sensation Answer: A) It connects the throat to the middle ear________________________________________ 11. Which type of cells are responsible for the formation of mesenchyme in the pharyngeal arches during development? A) Ectodermal cells B) Endodermal cells C) Mesodermal cells D) Neural crest cells Answer: D) Neural crest cells________________________________________ 12. Intrinsic muscles of the larynx are derived from: A) First pharyngeal arch B) Second pharyngeal arch C) Fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches D) Third pharyngeal arch Answer: C) Fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches________________________________________ 13. Cleft lip and palate most commonly occur in: A) Females B) Males C) Both equally D) Only in certain ethnic groups Answer: B) Males________________________________________ 14. The tongue develops during weeks _____ through _____ and is formed by the first four paired pharyngeal arches. A) 4, 8 B) 6, 12 C) 7, 10 D) 5, 10 Answer: A) 4, 8________________________________________ 15. Which pharyngeal arch is typically considered non-functional and may not be present in all individuals? A) First arch B) Second arch C) Third arch D) Fifth arch Answer: D) Fifth arch________________________________________ 16. What do the bilateral swellings of the hypopharyngeal eminence form? A) Thyroid cartilage B) Base of the tongue C) Pharyngeal constrictors D) Laryngeal cartilage Answer: B) Base of the tongue________________________________________ 17. Which embryonic structure gives rise to the components of the external ear? A) First pharyngeal arch B) Second pharyngeal arch C) Third pharyngeal arch D) Fourth pharyngeal arch Answer: A) First pharyngeal arch________________________________________ 18. Which pharyngeal arch is responsible for the development of the muscles involved in swallowing, including the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and the cricothyroid muscle? A) First arch B) Second arch C) Third arch D) Fourth arch Answer: D) Fourth arch________________________________________ 19. The only pharyngeal membrane which forms a normal structure in the adult is the: A) First membrane B) Second membrane C) Third membrane D) Fourth membrane Answer: A) First membrane________________________________________ 20. What components are uniquely associated with each pharyngeal arch after differentiation? A) Nerve, artery, muscle B) Cartilage, muscle, nerve C) Epithelium, nerve, blood D) Bone, muscle, nerve Answer: B) Cartilage, muscle, nerve________________________________________ 21. Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to the muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoideus, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani? A) First arch B) Second arch C) Third arch D) Fourth arch Answer: A) First arch________________________________________ 22. From which two embryonic structures does the hard palate primarily develop? A) Maxillary and mandibular processes B) Lateral and medial nasal processes C) Lateral palatine processes and premaxilla D) First and second pharyngeal arches Answer: C) Lateral palatine processes and premaxilla________________________________________ 23. During the development of the palate, what is the orientation of the lateral palatine processes in weeks 7 and 8? A) Vertical B) Horizontal C) Downward D) Upward Answer: A) Vertical________________________________________