FANAROFF CHAPTER 77 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
The initiation of cardiac electrical activity typically begins in _____, a
small, epicardial structure that is located at the posterior junction of
the SVC and RA - sinus node
the sinus node receives inputs from both the ______ and _____
nervous system; the balance of the two inputs determines the
underlying heart rate at any given moment - sympathetic and
parasympathetic
at rest and sleep, vagal nerve stimulation, _____, is increased resulting
in slowing of the heart rate and potentially sinus bradycardia -
parasympathetic
,during periods of stress, stimulation, or activity, the _____ activity tone
predominates leading to an increase in heart rate and potentially sinus
tachycardia - sympathetic
T/F? in children with normal cardiac anatomy, sinus bradycardia and
sinus tachycardia are usually physiologic findings - TRUE
the resting heart rate in newborns is typically faster with a normal
resting heart rate between ____ and ____ bpm with intermittent
decreases to as low as 70 bpm during rest or sleep - 90-160
______ generally is physiologic in infants with structurally normal heart
and is secondary to transient increases in vagal tone - sinus bradycardia
Can be from an AV block or from vagal stim (increased ICP, NEC,
suctioning, reflux, apnea, or medications) - sinus bradycardia
most episodes of ____ in neonates are episodic and related to an
abrupt increase in vagal tone that may result in sinus pauses or
dropped heart beats resulting in heart rate decreasing to 40-50 bpm -
sinus bradycardia
, episodic, abrupt decreases in the heart rate with an otherwise normal
heart are caused by a ______ and almost never have a primary cardiac
etiology but the pauses can be relatively long, up to several seconds -
secondary process
the initial evaluation of sinus bradycardia involves obtaining an _____
to ensure there is no evidence of AV block or other primary causes -
ECG
the primary method to assess the overall function of the sinus node in a
neonate is a 24 hour cardioscan monitor called _____ that records
every electrical impulse during the monitoring period - Holter
used to evaluate the infants heart rate variability as well as maximum
and minimum heart rates - Holter
administration of a vagal nerve antagonist such as _____ increases
heart rate almost immediately if the bradycardia is secondary to
vagotonia; if there is minimal or no heart rate increase to _____, then
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
The initiation of cardiac electrical activity typically begins in _____, a
small, epicardial structure that is located at the posterior junction of
the SVC and RA - sinus node
the sinus node receives inputs from both the ______ and _____
nervous system; the balance of the two inputs determines the
underlying heart rate at any given moment - sympathetic and
parasympathetic
at rest and sleep, vagal nerve stimulation, _____, is increased resulting
in slowing of the heart rate and potentially sinus bradycardia -
parasympathetic
,during periods of stress, stimulation, or activity, the _____ activity tone
predominates leading to an increase in heart rate and potentially sinus
tachycardia - sympathetic
T/F? in children with normal cardiac anatomy, sinus bradycardia and
sinus tachycardia are usually physiologic findings - TRUE
the resting heart rate in newborns is typically faster with a normal
resting heart rate between ____ and ____ bpm with intermittent
decreases to as low as 70 bpm during rest or sleep - 90-160
______ generally is physiologic in infants with structurally normal heart
and is secondary to transient increases in vagal tone - sinus bradycardia
Can be from an AV block or from vagal stim (increased ICP, NEC,
suctioning, reflux, apnea, or medications) - sinus bradycardia
most episodes of ____ in neonates are episodic and related to an
abrupt increase in vagal tone that may result in sinus pauses or
dropped heart beats resulting in heart rate decreasing to 40-50 bpm -
sinus bradycardia
, episodic, abrupt decreases in the heart rate with an otherwise normal
heart are caused by a ______ and almost never have a primary cardiac
etiology but the pauses can be relatively long, up to several seconds -
secondary process
the initial evaluation of sinus bradycardia involves obtaining an _____
to ensure there is no evidence of AV block or other primary causes -
ECG
the primary method to assess the overall function of the sinus node in a
neonate is a 24 hour cardioscan monitor called _____ that records
every electrical impulse during the monitoring period - Holter
used to evaluate the infants heart rate variability as well as maximum
and minimum heart rates - Holter
administration of a vagal nerve antagonist such as _____ increases
heart rate almost immediately if the bradycardia is secondary to
vagotonia; if there is minimal or no heart rate increase to _____, then
