NR 565/NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
EXAM ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!.
Chamberlain
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Main AE ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoglycemia
but only in the presence of excessive insulin
Heart failure
Bladder cancer
Fractures (in women)
Ovulation and thus possible unintended pregnancy
Pioglitazone Black Box Warning ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔associated with
heart failure (HF) secondary to renal retention of fluid. If HF is diagnosed,
should be discontinued or used in reduced dosage.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Contraindicatgions ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔patients with heart failure, bladder cancer or history of bladder
cancer.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Prototype/MOA ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Sitagliptin/Januvia (Prototype Drug)
,-Enhances actions of incretin hormones to stimulate glucose dependent
insulin and suppresses glucagon release
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-joint pain
-hypersensitivity/ angioedema
-acute pancreatitis.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Contraindications ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Use cautiously with patients with hx of pancreatitis
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Prototype/MOA ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Canagliflozin (Prototype Drug)
-Reduces the reabsorption of glucose, increasing urinary excretion of glucose
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Contraindications ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Use with caution in patients prone to vulvovaginal and urinary
tract infections.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Educate patients on signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
These drugs also cause a diuretic effect; therefore patients should stay
hydrated and monitor for signs and symptoms of urinary tract or
vulvovaginal infections.
,α-Glucosidase Inhibitors MOA/Prototype ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Acarbose (Prototype Drug)
-delays absorption of dietary carbohydrates and thereby reduces the rise in
blood glucose after a meal
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors main AE ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔flatulence,
cramps, abdominal distention, borborygmus (rumbling bowel sounds), and
diarrhea.
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists (GLP-1) ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Non Insulin Injectable
-Exenatide (Byetta) (Prototype Drug);
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Lixisenatide (Adlyxin)
-Activates receptors for GLP-1- slowing gastric emptying, inhibits glucagon,
suppresses appetite, and stimulates glucose-dependent release of insulin
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists Contraindication ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔should be used with caution in pregnancy; benefits should
clearly outweigh risks. Avoid use in patients with renal dysfunction or
patients that have undergone renal transplant. Use with caution in patients
with a history of pancreatitis.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Educate patients on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
, These drugs also delay gastric emptying, so may delay the absorption of
other drugs if taken simultaneously.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Face is
pale, puffy, and expressionless.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and
intolerance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Heart
Rate is Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech
Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased
body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic
rate
Severe hypothyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Myxedema
Hypothyroid Treatment ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Levothyroxine is the drug
of choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone replacement.
EXAM ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!.
Chamberlain
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Main AE ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoglycemia
but only in the presence of excessive insulin
Heart failure
Bladder cancer
Fractures (in women)
Ovulation and thus possible unintended pregnancy
Pioglitazone Black Box Warning ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔associated with
heart failure (HF) secondary to renal retention of fluid. If HF is diagnosed,
should be discontinued or used in reduced dosage.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Contraindicatgions ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔patients with heart failure, bladder cancer or history of bladder
cancer.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Prototype/MOA ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Sitagliptin/Januvia (Prototype Drug)
,-Enhances actions of incretin hormones to stimulate glucose dependent
insulin and suppresses glucagon release
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-joint pain
-hypersensitivity/ angioedema
-acute pancreatitis.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins) Contraindications ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Use cautiously with patients with hx of pancreatitis
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Prototype/MOA ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Canagliflozin (Prototype Drug)
-Reduces the reabsorption of glucose, increasing urinary excretion of glucose
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Contraindications ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Use with caution in patients prone to vulvovaginal and urinary
tract infections.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Educate patients on signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
These drugs also cause a diuretic effect; therefore patients should stay
hydrated and monitor for signs and symptoms of urinary tract or
vulvovaginal infections.
,α-Glucosidase Inhibitors MOA/Prototype ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Acarbose (Prototype Drug)
-delays absorption of dietary carbohydrates and thereby reduces the rise in
blood glucose after a meal
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors main AE ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔flatulence,
cramps, abdominal distention, borborygmus (rumbling bowel sounds), and
diarrhea.
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists (GLP-1) ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔-Non Insulin Injectable
-Exenatide (Byetta) (Prototype Drug);
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Lixisenatide (Adlyxin)
-Activates receptors for GLP-1- slowing gastric emptying, inhibits glucagon,
suppresses appetite, and stimulates glucose-dependent release of insulin
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists Contraindication ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔should be used with caution in pregnancy; benefits should
clearly outweigh risks. Avoid use in patients with renal dysfunction or
patients that have undergone renal transplant. Use with caution in patients
with a history of pancreatitis.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Antagonists Main AE ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔Educate patients on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
, These drugs also delay gastric emptying, so may delay the absorption of
other drugs if taken simultaneously.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Face is
pale, puffy, and expressionless.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and
intolerance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Heart
Rate is Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech
Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased
body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic
rate
Severe hypothyroidism ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Myxedema
Hypothyroid Treatment ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Levothyroxine is the drug
of choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone replacement.
