TEST BANK FOR NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC
RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION BY BRIAN K. WALSH
PHD LATEST UPDATE.ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Fetal LUNG Development............................................................................................................ 4
Chapter 2: Fetal Gas Exchange And Circulation ............................................................................................ 7
Chapter 3: Antenatal Assessment And High Risk Delivery.......................................................................... 10
Chapter 4: Exam And Assessment Of The Neonatal And Pediatric Patient ................................................ 23
Chapter 5: Pulmonary Function Testing And Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics ............................................ 41
Chapter 6: Radiographic Assessment ......................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 7: Bronchoscopy ............................................................................................................................ 59
Chapter 8: Invasive Blood Gas Analysis And Monitoring ............................................................................ 70
Chapter 9: Noninvasive Monitoring In Neonatal And Pediatric Care ......................................................... 80
Chapter 10: Oxygen Administration ........................................................................................................... 89
Chapter 11: Aerosols And Administration Of Medication .......................................................................... 97
Chapter 12: Airway Clearance Techniques And LUNG Volume Expansion ............................................... 108
Chapter 13: Airway Management ............................................................................................................. 118
14: Surfactant Replacement Therapy ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 15: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation And Continuous Positive Pressure Of The Neonate . 133
Chapter 16: Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Of The Infant And Child .............................................. 142
Chapter 17- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Of The Neonate And Pediatric Patient ............................. 152
Chapter 18: Administration Of Gas Mixtures ........................................................................................... 161
Chapter 19, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation .............................................................................. 172
Pharmacology- Chapter 20 ....................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 21: Thoracic Organ Transplantation............................................................................................ 184
Chapter 22: Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders Answers To Case Studies .................................................... 197
Chapter 23 Surgical Disorders In Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care............................................... 200
Chapter 24: Congenital Cardiac Defects ................................................................................................... 206
Chapter 25 Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing .................................................................................... 219
Chapter 26: Pediatric Airway Disorders And Parenchymal LUNG Diseases.............................................. 232
Chapter 27: Asthma Test Bank .................................................................................................................. 244
Chapter 28: Cystic Fibrosis ........................................................................................................................ 255
Chapter 29: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome................................................................................... 265
Chapter 30: Shock ..................................................................................................................................... 275
Chapter 31: Pediatric Trauma ................................................................................................................... 283
Chapter 32: Disorders Of The Pleura ........................................................................................................ 311
,Chapter 33: Neurological And Neuromuscular Disorders ........................................................................ 316
Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies ............................................................................................................ 324
Chapter 35: Home Care Of The Postpartum Family ................................................................................. 341
Chapter 36: Quality And Safety................................................................................................................. 348
,Chapter 1: Fetal LUNG Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Phases Of Human LUNG Development Is Characterized By The
Formation Of A Capillary Network Around Airway Passages?
A. Pseudoglandular
B. Saccular
C. Alveolar
D. Canalicular
Answer>>D
The Canalicular Phase Follows The Pseudoglandular Phase, Lasting From Approximately 17 Weeks To 26
Weeks Of Gestation. This Phase Is So Named Because Of The Appearance Of Vascular Channels, Or
Capillaries, Which Begin To Grow By Forming A Capillary Network Around The Air Passages. During The
Pseudoglandular Stage, Which Begins At Day 52 And Extends To Week 16 Of Gestation, The Airway
System Subdivides Extensively And The Conducting Airway System Develops, Ending With The Terminal
Bronchioles. The Saccular Stage Of Development, Which Takes Place From Weeks 29 To 36 Of Gestation,
Is Characterized By The Development Of Sacs That Later Become Alveoli. During The Saccular Phase, A
Tremendous Increase In The Potential Gas- Exchanging Surface Area Occurs. The Distinction Between
The Saccular Stage And The Alveolar Stage Is Arbitrary. The Alveolar Stage Stretches From 39 Weeks Of
Gestation To Term. This Stage Is Represented By The Establishment Of Alveoli.
Ref: Pp. 3-5
2. Regarding Postnatal LUNG Growth, By Approximately What Age Do Most Of The Alveoli That
Will Be Present In The LUNGs For Life Develop?
A. 6 Months
B. 1 Year
C. 1.5 Years
D. 2 Years
Answer>>C
,Most Of The Postnatal Formation Of Alveoli In The Infant Occurs Over The First 1.5 Years Of Life. At 2
Years Of Age, The Number Of Alveoli Varies Substantially Among Individuals. After 2 Years Of Age, Males
Have More Alveoli Than Do Females. After Alveolar Multiplication Ends, The Alveoli Continue To
Increase In Size Until Thoracic Growth Is Completed.
Ref: P. 6
3. The Respiratory Therapist Is Evaluating A Newborn With Mild Respiratory Distress Due To
Tracheal Stenosis. During Which Period Of LUNG Development Did This Problem Develop?
A. Embryonal
B. Saccular
C. Canalicular
D. Alveolar
Answer>>A
The Initial Structures Of The Pulmonary Tree Develop During The Embryonal Stage. Errors In
Development During This Time May Result In Laryngeal, Tracheal, Or Esophageal Atresia Or Stenosis.
Pulmonary Hypoplasia, An Incomplete Development Of The LUNGs Characterized By An Abnormally Low
Number And/Or Size Of Bronchopulmonary Segments And/Or Alveoli, Can Develop During The
Pseudoglandular Phase. If The Fetus Is Born During The Canalicular Phase (I.E., Prematurely), Severe
Respiratory Distress Can Be Expected Because The Inadequately Developed Airways, Along With
Insufficient And Immature Surfactant Production By Alveolar Type Ii Cells, Gives Rise To The
Constellation Of Problems Known As Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Ref: P. 6
4. Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is (Are) Responsible For The Possible Association Between
Oligohydramnios And LUNG Hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism
Ii. Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall
Iii. Interference With Fetal Breathing
Iv. Failure To Produce Fetal LUNG Liquid
,A. I And Iii Only
B. Ii And Iii Only
C. I, Ii, And Iv Only
D. Ii, Iii, And Iv Only
Answer>>D
Oligohydramnios, A Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Present For An Extended Period Of Time, With
Or Without Renal Anomalies, Is Associated With LUNG Hypoplasia. The Mechanisms By Which Amniotic
Fluid Volume Influences LUNG Growth Remain Unclear. Possible Explanations For Reduced Quantity Of
Amniotic Fluid Include Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall, Interference With Fetal Breathing, Or
Failure To Produce Fetal LUNG Liquid. These Clinical And Experimental Observations Possibly Point To A
Common Denominator, LUNG Stretch, As Being A Major Growth Stimulant.
Ref: Pp. 6-7
5. What Is The Purpose Of The Substance Secreted By The Type Ii Pneumocyte?
A. To Increase The Gas Exchange Surface Area
B. To Reduce Surface Tension
C. To Maintain LUNG Elasticity
D. To Preserve The Volume Of The Amniotic Fluid
Answer>>B
The Primary Role Of Mammalian Surfactant Is To Lower The Surface Tension Within The Alveolus,
Specifically At The Air–Liquid Interface. This Allows The Delicate Structure Of The Alveolus To Expand
When Filled With Air. Without Surfactant, The Alveolus Remains Collapsed Because Of The High Surface
Tension Of The Moist Alveolar Surface. Surfactant Is Composed Predominantly Of An Intricate Blend Of
Phospholipids, Neutral Lipids, And Proteins.
Ref: P. 8
6. Which Of The Following Tests Of The Amniotic Fluid Have Been Shown To Be Sensitive Indicators
Of LUNG Maturity?
A. Levels Of Prednisone
, B. Levels Of Epidermal Growth Factor
C. Levels Of Prostaglandins
D. Levels Of Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine
Answer>>D
Of Clinical Relevance During Late Gestation, Analysis Of Amniotic Fluid For The Concentration Of
Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine Has Been Shown To Be A Sensitive Indicator Of The State
Of Fetal LUNG Maturity.
Ref: P. 8
Chapter 2: Fetal Gas Exchange And Circulation
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Embryonic Germ Layers Gives Formation To The Respiratory System?
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Periderm
Answer>>A
The Respiratory System—Pharynx, LUNGs, And Epithelial Lining Of The Trachea And LUNGs— Originates
In The Endoderm. Refer To Box 2-1 In The Textbook To See The List Of Various Tissue Systems Found In
The Three Embryonic Layers.
Ref: P. 13
2. What Is The Function Of Wharton’s Jelly Inside The Umbilical Cord?
RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION BY BRIAN K. WALSH
PHD LATEST UPDATE.ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Fetal LUNG Development............................................................................................................ 4
Chapter 2: Fetal Gas Exchange And Circulation ............................................................................................ 7
Chapter 3: Antenatal Assessment And High Risk Delivery.......................................................................... 10
Chapter 4: Exam And Assessment Of The Neonatal And Pediatric Patient ................................................ 23
Chapter 5: Pulmonary Function Testing And Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics ............................................ 41
Chapter 6: Radiographic Assessment ......................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 7: Bronchoscopy ............................................................................................................................ 59
Chapter 8: Invasive Blood Gas Analysis And Monitoring ............................................................................ 70
Chapter 9: Noninvasive Monitoring In Neonatal And Pediatric Care ......................................................... 80
Chapter 10: Oxygen Administration ........................................................................................................... 89
Chapter 11: Aerosols And Administration Of Medication .......................................................................... 97
Chapter 12: Airway Clearance Techniques And LUNG Volume Expansion ............................................... 108
Chapter 13: Airway Management ............................................................................................................. 118
14: Surfactant Replacement Therapy ....................................................................................................... 131
Chapter 15: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation And Continuous Positive Pressure Of The Neonate . 133
Chapter 16: Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Of The Infant And Child .............................................. 142
Chapter 17- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Of The Neonate And Pediatric Patient ............................. 152
Chapter 18: Administration Of Gas Mixtures ........................................................................................... 161
Chapter 19, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation .............................................................................. 172
Pharmacology- Chapter 20 ....................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 21: Thoracic Organ Transplantation............................................................................................ 184
Chapter 22: Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders Answers To Case Studies .................................................... 197
Chapter 23 Surgical Disorders In Childhood That Affect Respiratory Care............................................... 200
Chapter 24: Congenital Cardiac Defects ................................................................................................... 206
Chapter 25 Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing .................................................................................... 219
Chapter 26: Pediatric Airway Disorders And Parenchymal LUNG Diseases.............................................. 232
Chapter 27: Asthma Test Bank .................................................................................................................. 244
Chapter 28: Cystic Fibrosis ........................................................................................................................ 255
Chapter 29: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome................................................................................... 265
Chapter 30: Shock ..................................................................................................................................... 275
Chapter 31: Pediatric Trauma ................................................................................................................... 283
Chapter 32: Disorders Of The Pleura ........................................................................................................ 311
,Chapter 33: Neurological And Neuromuscular Disorders ........................................................................ 316
Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies ............................................................................................................ 324
Chapter 35: Home Care Of The Postpartum Family ................................................................................. 341
Chapter 36: Quality And Safety................................................................................................................. 348
,Chapter 1: Fetal LUNG Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Phases Of Human LUNG Development Is Characterized By The
Formation Of A Capillary Network Around Airway Passages?
A. Pseudoglandular
B. Saccular
C. Alveolar
D. Canalicular
Answer>>D
The Canalicular Phase Follows The Pseudoglandular Phase, Lasting From Approximately 17 Weeks To 26
Weeks Of Gestation. This Phase Is So Named Because Of The Appearance Of Vascular Channels, Or
Capillaries, Which Begin To Grow By Forming A Capillary Network Around The Air Passages. During The
Pseudoglandular Stage, Which Begins At Day 52 And Extends To Week 16 Of Gestation, The Airway
System Subdivides Extensively And The Conducting Airway System Develops, Ending With The Terminal
Bronchioles. The Saccular Stage Of Development, Which Takes Place From Weeks 29 To 36 Of Gestation,
Is Characterized By The Development Of Sacs That Later Become Alveoli. During The Saccular Phase, A
Tremendous Increase In The Potential Gas- Exchanging Surface Area Occurs. The Distinction Between
The Saccular Stage And The Alveolar Stage Is Arbitrary. The Alveolar Stage Stretches From 39 Weeks Of
Gestation To Term. This Stage Is Represented By The Establishment Of Alveoli.
Ref: Pp. 3-5
2. Regarding Postnatal LUNG Growth, By Approximately What Age Do Most Of The Alveoli That
Will Be Present In The LUNGs For Life Develop?
A. 6 Months
B. 1 Year
C. 1.5 Years
D. 2 Years
Answer>>C
,Most Of The Postnatal Formation Of Alveoli In The Infant Occurs Over The First 1.5 Years Of Life. At 2
Years Of Age, The Number Of Alveoli Varies Substantially Among Individuals. After 2 Years Of Age, Males
Have More Alveoli Than Do Females. After Alveolar Multiplication Ends, The Alveoli Continue To
Increase In Size Until Thoracic Growth Is Completed.
Ref: P. 6
3. The Respiratory Therapist Is Evaluating A Newborn With Mild Respiratory Distress Due To
Tracheal Stenosis. During Which Period Of LUNG Development Did This Problem Develop?
A. Embryonal
B. Saccular
C. Canalicular
D. Alveolar
Answer>>A
The Initial Structures Of The Pulmonary Tree Develop During The Embryonal Stage. Errors In
Development During This Time May Result In Laryngeal, Tracheal, Or Esophageal Atresia Or Stenosis.
Pulmonary Hypoplasia, An Incomplete Development Of The LUNGs Characterized By An Abnormally Low
Number And/Or Size Of Bronchopulmonary Segments And/Or Alveoli, Can Develop During The
Pseudoglandular Phase. If The Fetus Is Born During The Canalicular Phase (I.E., Prematurely), Severe
Respiratory Distress Can Be Expected Because The Inadequately Developed Airways, Along With
Insufficient And Immature Surfactant Production By Alveolar Type Ii Cells, Gives Rise To The
Constellation Of Problems Known As Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Ref: P. 6
4. Which Of The Following Mechanisms Is (Are) Responsible For The Possible Association Between
Oligohydramnios And LUNG Hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism
Ii. Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall
Iii. Interference With Fetal Breathing
Iv. Failure To Produce Fetal LUNG Liquid
,A. I And Iii Only
B. Ii And Iii Only
C. I, Ii, And Iv Only
D. Ii, Iii, And Iv Only
Answer>>D
Oligohydramnios, A Reduced Quantity Of Amniotic Fluid Present For An Extended Period Of Time, With
Or Without Renal Anomalies, Is Associated With LUNG Hypoplasia. The Mechanisms By Which Amniotic
Fluid Volume Influences LUNG Growth Remain Unclear. Possible Explanations For Reduced Quantity Of
Amniotic Fluid Include Mechanical Restriction Of The Chest Wall, Interference With Fetal Breathing, Or
Failure To Produce Fetal LUNG Liquid. These Clinical And Experimental Observations Possibly Point To A
Common Denominator, LUNG Stretch, As Being A Major Growth Stimulant.
Ref: Pp. 6-7
5. What Is The Purpose Of The Substance Secreted By The Type Ii Pneumocyte?
A. To Increase The Gas Exchange Surface Area
B. To Reduce Surface Tension
C. To Maintain LUNG Elasticity
D. To Preserve The Volume Of The Amniotic Fluid
Answer>>B
The Primary Role Of Mammalian Surfactant Is To Lower The Surface Tension Within The Alveolus,
Specifically At The Air–Liquid Interface. This Allows The Delicate Structure Of The Alveolus To Expand
When Filled With Air. Without Surfactant, The Alveolus Remains Collapsed Because Of The High Surface
Tension Of The Moist Alveolar Surface. Surfactant Is Composed Predominantly Of An Intricate Blend Of
Phospholipids, Neutral Lipids, And Proteins.
Ref: P. 8
6. Which Of The Following Tests Of The Amniotic Fluid Have Been Shown To Be Sensitive Indicators
Of LUNG Maturity?
A. Levels Of Prednisone
, B. Levels Of Epidermal Growth Factor
C. Levels Of Prostaglandins
D. Levels Of Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine
Answer>>D
Of Clinical Relevance During Late Gestation, Analysis Of Amniotic Fluid For The Concentration Of
Phosphatidylglycerol And Phosphatidylcholine Has Been Shown To Be A Sensitive Indicator Of The State
Of Fetal LUNG Maturity.
Ref: P. 8
Chapter 2: Fetal Gas Exchange And Circulation
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Embryonic Germ Layers Gives Formation To The Respiratory System?
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Periderm
Answer>>A
The Respiratory System—Pharynx, LUNGs, And Epithelial Lining Of The Trachea And LUNGs— Originates
In The Endoderm. Refer To Box 2-1 In The Textbook To See The List Of Various Tissue Systems Found In
The Three Embryonic Layers.
Ref: P. 13
2. What Is The Function Of Wharton’s Jelly Inside The Umbilical Cord?
