NSG 511 Exam 4
estrogen functions: sexual maturity - answer development and maintenance of female
secondary sex characteristics
estrogen functions: reproductive cycle - answer- follicular (ending with ovulation at day
14) and luteal phases (ending with menstruation)
- proliferation of uterine endothelium and endocervical mucus production
estrogen functions: bones - answer maintenance of bone health by blocking the actions
of osteoclasts
estrogen functions: cholesterol - answer favors beneficial ratio of HDL:LDL (considered
cardioprotective)
estrogen functions: coagulation - answer complex, but clinically considered
thrombogenic
progesterone functions - answer reproductive cycle - luteal phase - secretory phase and
hypertrophy of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of the zygote
progesterone - no implantation - answer Corpus luteum breaks down, progesterone
declines, and endometrium sheds (menstruation)
progesterone - implantation - answer Corpus luteum and placenta synthesize and
release progesterone to support the endometrial lining and the pregnancy
uses of estrogen and progesterone - answer- contraception
- menopausal hormone therapy
- gender affirmation and transgender health
- acne
- female hypogonadism
estrogen treating acne - answerantibiotics used to treat organism and estrogen and/or
anti-androgens are used to block the influence of testosterone
estrogen treating hypogonadism - answerin absence of estrogen therapy, secondary
sex characteristics will not develop - estrogen administered exogenously
composition of combination pills for contraception - answerestradiol
AND
, 1 of 4 generations of progestins to prevent ovulation
combination pills MOA - answer- 28 day cycle (21 active medication and 7 placebo)
- placebo pills initiate menstruation
- prevent ovulation
2 ways to eliminate menstruation - answer1) take an extended cycle oral contraception
2) take a monophastic oral contraceptive and skip placebo pills
example of extended cycle oral contraceptive - answerLoSeasonique
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
$$$
example of monophasic oral contraceptive - answerLutera
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
cheaper
initiation criteria for combination pills - answer- if within 5 days of starting menstruation,
no backup method needed
- if greater than 5 days of starting menstruation, 7 days of abstinence/backup method
estrogen side effects - answernausea, breast tenderness, swelling
progestin side effects - answerappetite and weight gain, fatigue, depression
absolute contraindications to combination pill use - answer- thrombolytic disorders
- abnormal liver function
- known or suspected breast cancer
- undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
- known or suspected pregnancy
- smokes over age 35
progestin only pills MOA - answeralter cervical mucosa making it hostile to sperm and
making the endometrium less susceptible to implantation
*women still ovulate
progestin only pills common side effects - answerappetite and weight gain, fatigue,
depression, spotting (one of the primary reasons women stop using)
estrogen functions: sexual maturity - answer development and maintenance of female
secondary sex characteristics
estrogen functions: reproductive cycle - answer- follicular (ending with ovulation at day
14) and luteal phases (ending with menstruation)
- proliferation of uterine endothelium and endocervical mucus production
estrogen functions: bones - answer maintenance of bone health by blocking the actions
of osteoclasts
estrogen functions: cholesterol - answer favors beneficial ratio of HDL:LDL (considered
cardioprotective)
estrogen functions: coagulation - answer complex, but clinically considered
thrombogenic
progesterone functions - answer reproductive cycle - luteal phase - secretory phase and
hypertrophy of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of the zygote
progesterone - no implantation - answer Corpus luteum breaks down, progesterone
declines, and endometrium sheds (menstruation)
progesterone - implantation - answer Corpus luteum and placenta synthesize and
release progesterone to support the endometrial lining and the pregnancy
uses of estrogen and progesterone - answer- contraception
- menopausal hormone therapy
- gender affirmation and transgender health
- acne
- female hypogonadism
estrogen treating acne - answerantibiotics used to treat organism and estrogen and/or
anti-androgens are used to block the influence of testosterone
estrogen treating hypogonadism - answerin absence of estrogen therapy, secondary
sex characteristics will not develop - estrogen administered exogenously
composition of combination pills for contraception - answerestradiol
AND
, 1 of 4 generations of progestins to prevent ovulation
combination pills MOA - answer- 28 day cycle (21 active medication and 7 placebo)
- placebo pills initiate menstruation
- prevent ovulation
2 ways to eliminate menstruation - answer1) take an extended cycle oral contraception
2) take a monophastic oral contraceptive and skip placebo pills
example of extended cycle oral contraceptive - answerLoSeasonique
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
$$$
example of monophasic oral contraceptive - answerLutera
- 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol
- 0.1 mg levonorgestrel
cheaper
initiation criteria for combination pills - answer- if within 5 days of starting menstruation,
no backup method needed
- if greater than 5 days of starting menstruation, 7 days of abstinence/backup method
estrogen side effects - answernausea, breast tenderness, swelling
progestin side effects - answerappetite and weight gain, fatigue, depression
absolute contraindications to combination pill use - answer- thrombolytic disorders
- abnormal liver function
- known or suspected breast cancer
- undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
- known or suspected pregnancy
- smokes over age 35
progestin only pills MOA - answeralter cervical mucosa making it hostile to sperm and
making the endometrium less susceptible to implantation
*women still ovulate
progestin only pills common side effects - answerappetite and weight gain, fatigue,
depression, spotting (one of the primary reasons women stop using)
