PHIL 206 MIDTERM 2;2 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
First metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the sensory/perception doubt.
second metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the dream problem.
third metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the deceiving God
principle in contradiction - ANSWER a proposition cannot be true and false at the
same time. A cannot be not-A.
principle in notion - ANSWER in any true statement the predicate is contained in
the subject. What makes a statement true is that it corresponds to a fact or state of
affairs in the world. For any subject, everything that can ever be truly said about it is
already contained in the predicate.
identity of indiscernibles - ANSWER any two things that share all the same
properties are identical.
why do monads have to have qualities? - ANSWER identity of indiscernibles - if
they did not have qualities you would be unable to distinguish between them
because they would be identical.
what are the natural changes of monads? - ANSWER internal principles. The
change from one perception to another is called appetition.
principle of continuity - ANSWER Any change passes through some intermediate
change and there is an actual infinity in things. no motion can arise from a state of
complete rest; nothing takes place suddenly.
principle of sufficient reason - ANSWER everything has a reason or rational
explanation. There is no effect without a cause. no brute facts - no fact can be real or
existing, and no sentence stating this, unless there is a reason why it should be true
and not otherwise.
sufficient reason for contingent truths - ANSWER it must be necessary and outside
of the series of details of contingencies otherwise infinite analysis happens.
principle of pre-established harmony - ANSWER every substance/monad only
affects itself, but nevertheless all the substances in the world seem to interact with
each other. They have been programmed beforehand by God to "harmonize" with
each other. Each monad is a mirror of the entire universe.
how does it appear monads can interact with each other? - ANSWER each
substance/monad's "program" must contain a description of either the entire universe
or how the object is to behave at all times. Each monad must be extremely complex
it itself causes its own thoughts or movement as long as it exists.
passivity/activeness of a monad - ANSWER the activity of one monad corresponds
to the passivity of another. If I were to throw a book, I would be the dominant monad
because I am responsible for what happens to the book. The book would be the
passive monad.
CORRECT ANSWERS
First metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the sensory/perception doubt.
second metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the dream problem.
third metaphysical doubt - ANSWER the deceiving God
principle in contradiction - ANSWER a proposition cannot be true and false at the
same time. A cannot be not-A.
principle in notion - ANSWER in any true statement the predicate is contained in
the subject. What makes a statement true is that it corresponds to a fact or state of
affairs in the world. For any subject, everything that can ever be truly said about it is
already contained in the predicate.
identity of indiscernibles - ANSWER any two things that share all the same
properties are identical.
why do monads have to have qualities? - ANSWER identity of indiscernibles - if
they did not have qualities you would be unable to distinguish between them
because they would be identical.
what are the natural changes of monads? - ANSWER internal principles. The
change from one perception to another is called appetition.
principle of continuity - ANSWER Any change passes through some intermediate
change and there is an actual infinity in things. no motion can arise from a state of
complete rest; nothing takes place suddenly.
principle of sufficient reason - ANSWER everything has a reason or rational
explanation. There is no effect without a cause. no brute facts - no fact can be real or
existing, and no sentence stating this, unless there is a reason why it should be true
and not otherwise.
sufficient reason for contingent truths - ANSWER it must be necessary and outside
of the series of details of contingencies otherwise infinite analysis happens.
principle of pre-established harmony - ANSWER every substance/monad only
affects itself, but nevertheless all the substances in the world seem to interact with
each other. They have been programmed beforehand by God to "harmonize" with
each other. Each monad is a mirror of the entire universe.
how does it appear monads can interact with each other? - ANSWER each
substance/monad's "program" must contain a description of either the entire universe
or how the object is to behave at all times. Each monad must be extremely complex
it itself causes its own thoughts or movement as long as it exists.
passivity/activeness of a monad - ANSWER the activity of one monad corresponds
to the passivity of another. If I were to throw a book, I would be the dominant monad
because I am responsible for what happens to the book. The book would be the
passive monad.
