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NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL TEST BANK
EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
Which cells of the brain are most sensitive to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Perkinje cells of the cerebellum and pyramidal cells
of the hippocampus/neocortex
What tissue of the heart is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Subendocardium
What zone of the liver is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Zone 3 (surrounding the central venule)
What area of the GI tract is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Splenic Flexure/Rectum
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A chemical species with an unpaired electron in outer orbit,
which is capable of scavenging electrons from cells and
damaging them. - ANSWER- Free Radicals (ROS)
How do free radicals cause damage? - ANSWER- 1) Lipid
membrane Peroxidation
2) protein modification
3) DNA Breakage
Describe reperfusion injury - ANSWER- Blood returning to
hypoxic organ leads to the generation of ROS which further
damage tissue.
Explains continual rise in cardiac troponins even after
reperfusion of ischemic heart.
What is amyloid? - ANSWER- Misfolded protein that deposits
in extracellular space causing damage.
Beta pleated sheet with apple-green birefringence and congo red
staining.
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What is primary amyloidosis? - ANSWER- Systemic deposition
of AL amyloid, derived from misfolded immunoglobulin light
chain
Associated with Multiple Myeloma
What is secondary amyloidosis? - ANSWER- Systemic
deposition of AA protein, derived from misfolded Serum
Amyloid Associated Protein
Associated with Familial Mediterranian Fever syndrome (High
SAA leads to increased deposition)
What are the classic findings of Amyloidosis? - ANSWER-
Nephrotic Syndrome
Cardiomyopathy
Tongue Enlargement
Describe Senile Cardiac Amyloidosis - ANSWER- Non-mutated
serum transerythretin deposits in heart. Usually asymptomatic,
present in 25% over age 80.
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Describe familial amyloid cardiomyopathy - ANSWER-
deposition of MUTATED serum transerythretin in cardaic tissue
leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy
5% of African Americans
Describe the cells seen in acute inflammation - ANSWER-
Neutrophils are first seen, peak at 24 hr.
Macrophages peak at 2-3 days
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - ANSWER-
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
What is the major inflammatory mediator(s) responsible for
redness seen in inflammation (due to inducing vasodilation and
extravasation of cells/fluids. - ANSWER- Histamine,
Prostaglandins, Bradykinin
What is the major inflammatory mediator responsible for
swelling in acute inflammation? (tumor) - ANSWER- Histamine
NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL TEST BANK
EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
Which cells of the brain are most sensitive to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Perkinje cells of the cerebellum and pyramidal cells
of the hippocampus/neocortex
What tissue of the heart is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Subendocardium
What zone of the liver is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Zone 3 (surrounding the central venule)
What area of the GI tract is most susceptible to ischemia? -
ANSWER- Splenic Flexure/Rectum
,2|Page
A chemical species with an unpaired electron in outer orbit,
which is capable of scavenging electrons from cells and
damaging them. - ANSWER- Free Radicals (ROS)
How do free radicals cause damage? - ANSWER- 1) Lipid
membrane Peroxidation
2) protein modification
3) DNA Breakage
Describe reperfusion injury - ANSWER- Blood returning to
hypoxic organ leads to the generation of ROS which further
damage tissue.
Explains continual rise in cardiac troponins even after
reperfusion of ischemic heart.
What is amyloid? - ANSWER- Misfolded protein that deposits
in extracellular space causing damage.
Beta pleated sheet with apple-green birefringence and congo red
staining.
,3|Page
What is primary amyloidosis? - ANSWER- Systemic deposition
of AL amyloid, derived from misfolded immunoglobulin light
chain
Associated with Multiple Myeloma
What is secondary amyloidosis? - ANSWER- Systemic
deposition of AA protein, derived from misfolded Serum
Amyloid Associated Protein
Associated with Familial Mediterranian Fever syndrome (High
SAA leads to increased deposition)
What are the classic findings of Amyloidosis? - ANSWER-
Nephrotic Syndrome
Cardiomyopathy
Tongue Enlargement
Describe Senile Cardiac Amyloidosis - ANSWER- Non-mutated
serum transerythretin deposits in heart. Usually asymptomatic,
present in 25% over age 80.
, 4|Page
Describe familial amyloid cardiomyopathy - ANSWER-
deposition of MUTATED serum transerythretin in cardaic tissue
leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy
5% of African Americans
Describe the cells seen in acute inflammation - ANSWER-
Neutrophils are first seen, peak at 24 hr.
Macrophages peak at 2-3 days
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - ANSWER-
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
What is the major inflammatory mediator(s) responsible for
redness seen in inflammation (due to inducing vasodilation and
extravasation of cells/fluids. - ANSWER- Histamine,
Prostaglandins, Bradykinin
What is the major inflammatory mediator responsible for
swelling in acute inflammation? (tumor) - ANSWER- Histamine
