NBME BIOCHEMISTRY SHELF QUESTIONS
What neurotransmitter stimulates release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla? -
acetylcholine
What is a metabolite if epinephrine that suggests epi-secreting carcinoma? What is
another assoc symptom? - metanephrine; assoc with HBP
What does acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ib) treat? - glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude
sickness, congestive heart failure
can cause dehydration
Sickle cell anemia is due to... - pt mutation of Glu -> val
What is a major neurotransmitter amino acid? - Glu
HA protein of influenza binds to - cytokine receptors
What is a reducing-sugar test? - Tests for aldo-keto sugars
What is omeprazole? - proton pump ib
Name some GAG's. - heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
What type of reaction is glucuronidation? - oxidation
In Marfan's syndrome, what part of fibrillin's protein structure is affected? - primary
structure
What is pralidoxime chloride? - reactivate acetylcholinesterase
Wernicke encephalopathy - inadequate thiamine; confusion, ophthalmoplagia
(nystagmus)
What is the function of lactase? - beta(1->4) galactosidase; cleaves Gal from Glu
How is fructose absorbed? - via sodium-independent transporter
What sugar enzymes are found on the intestinal brush border? - sucrase, lactase,
maltase, isomaltase
Orlistat - ib pancreatic and gastric lipase; leads to reduced fat digestion
What are the symptoms of Huntington's disease? - anxiety, uncontrollable mvmts,
slurring of speech, difficulty focusing or concentrating; caused by triple repeat
expansion
, What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome? - phagocyte deficiency ->
hypergammaglobulinemia, significant neutropenia,
In exposure to carbon monoxide or cyanide, which way does the ox sat curve shift? - to
the L; increased affinity at low pO_2
What is fiber? - glucose beta(1->4) glucose bonded sugar; body does not have beta(1-
4) endoglucosidase
enterokinase - activates trypsinogen; trypsin activates chymotrypsin, procolipase,
procarboxypeptidase, and proelastase
arsenic - pyruvate dehydrogenase ib; smell of garlic
Which GLUT is insulin-dependent? - GLUT4; found in muscle & adipose
What is the role of F2,6BP? - role player for insulin; increases glycolysis for FA synth
and glycogen synthesis
What is significant about glucokinase? - K_m is above fasting concentration, V_max is
very high
What promotes lactate buildup? - ^ NADH/NAD+
Where does lactate build up? - eyes, testes, RBC's
What is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis? - PFK, allosterically activated by F2,6BP
Def in pyr kinase leads to... - 2,3BPG, G6P elevation due to ^ PEP
What steroid can be used to treat beta-blocker overdose? - glucagon
Which form of aldolase is liver-specific? - B
triose phosphate isomerase - G3P <-> DHAP; DHAP - component of glycerol phosphate
shuttle
What TCA step makes GTP? - succinate thiokinase
What TCA step makes FADH? - succinate dehydrogenase
What is the only membrane-bound enzyme in TCA? - succinate dehydrogenase
What characterizes succinate? - dicarboxylic acid
What neurotransmitter stimulates release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla? -
acetylcholine
What is a metabolite if epinephrine that suggests epi-secreting carcinoma? What is
another assoc symptom? - metanephrine; assoc with HBP
What does acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ib) treat? - glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude
sickness, congestive heart failure
can cause dehydration
Sickle cell anemia is due to... - pt mutation of Glu -> val
What is a major neurotransmitter amino acid? - Glu
HA protein of influenza binds to - cytokine receptors
What is a reducing-sugar test? - Tests for aldo-keto sugars
What is omeprazole? - proton pump ib
Name some GAG's. - heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
What type of reaction is glucuronidation? - oxidation
In Marfan's syndrome, what part of fibrillin's protein structure is affected? - primary
structure
What is pralidoxime chloride? - reactivate acetylcholinesterase
Wernicke encephalopathy - inadequate thiamine; confusion, ophthalmoplagia
(nystagmus)
What is the function of lactase? - beta(1->4) galactosidase; cleaves Gal from Glu
How is fructose absorbed? - via sodium-independent transporter
What sugar enzymes are found on the intestinal brush border? - sucrase, lactase,
maltase, isomaltase
Orlistat - ib pancreatic and gastric lipase; leads to reduced fat digestion
What are the symptoms of Huntington's disease? - anxiety, uncontrollable mvmts,
slurring of speech, difficulty focusing or concentrating; caused by triple repeat
expansion
, What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome? - phagocyte deficiency ->
hypergammaglobulinemia, significant neutropenia,
In exposure to carbon monoxide or cyanide, which way does the ox sat curve shift? - to
the L; increased affinity at low pO_2
What is fiber? - glucose beta(1->4) glucose bonded sugar; body does not have beta(1-
4) endoglucosidase
enterokinase - activates trypsinogen; trypsin activates chymotrypsin, procolipase,
procarboxypeptidase, and proelastase
arsenic - pyruvate dehydrogenase ib; smell of garlic
Which GLUT is insulin-dependent? - GLUT4; found in muscle & adipose
What is the role of F2,6BP? - role player for insulin; increases glycolysis for FA synth
and glycogen synthesis
What is significant about glucokinase? - K_m is above fasting concentration, V_max is
very high
What promotes lactate buildup? - ^ NADH/NAD+
Where does lactate build up? - eyes, testes, RBC's
What is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis? - PFK, allosterically activated by F2,6BP
Def in pyr kinase leads to... - 2,3BPG, G6P elevation due to ^ PEP
What steroid can be used to treat beta-blocker overdose? - glucagon
Which form of aldolase is liver-specific? - B
triose phosphate isomerase - G3P <-> DHAP; DHAP - component of glycerol phosphate
shuttle
What TCA step makes GTP? - succinate thiokinase
What TCA step makes FADH? - succinate dehydrogenase
What is the only membrane-bound enzyme in TCA? - succinate dehydrogenase
What characterizes succinate? - dicarboxylic acid
