ESL TEXES Supplemental UPDATED
Actual Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The process of adapting to a new culture.
The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the following: -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- assimilation & marginalization
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The members of a group are absorbed into a
culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or forced to accept the
surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up original culture.
Marginalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded
from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These
groups will stay on the margin of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention.
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Finding ways to adapt to and become part of the
new culture while maintaining important values and customs of the original culture.
Affective Filter - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The psychological barrier that allows input to
be filtered through to a language processing mechanism. A low filter has little anxiety
increasing comprehension and attention.
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deciding to become like members of the new
culture, to accept their surface and deep culture, and giving up the original culture.
Bilingual Education - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An educational program in which two
languages are used during instruction in order to 1) continue primary language development,
2) provide instruction in content in both L1 and L2, and 3) English acquisition.
BICS - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills: Skills necessary for functioning in every day life, face-to face
interactions. These skills usually take about two years to develop in most second language
learners.
,Brain Laterization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Refers to functions of the left and right
hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition.
CALP - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency: The aspects of language linked to literacy and academic achievement.
These skills usually take five to seven years to fully develop in Second language learners.
Chompsky, Noam - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT. He
is credited with the creation of the Theory of Generative Grammar. His naturalistic approach
to the study of language affected the philosophy of language and mind through his theory of
the Language Acquistion Device. His work influenced the works of Krashen and Terrell
among others.
Cognates - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Words which have a common origin. There are 3
distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate
True Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word is spelled the same, meaning the same,
but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of the words such as an
accent mark. Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo
Partial Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word in other languages has the same
origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to
the language structure will be different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia
english- apple german apfel
False Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word in another language may have the
same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning. Pronunciation will be
different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave Spanish- exito- success English-
embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish embarazada- pregnant
Cognitive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Learning strategies that are taught to
promote independent learning and higher order thinking skills.
Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Language that is understood by the
learner. Focuses on meaning first and uses simplified speech.
, Connotation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The implying or suggesting of an additional
meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning.
Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by patterns
of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle, 2001) It includes what people know and
believe, what people do, and what people make and use.
Surface Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of culture that can be seen: Language,
clothing, food, customs, and art.
Deep Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Below the surface are the more meaningful and
powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms- unwritten rules for
behavior c. values- what we hold most important
Culture Shock - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The realization of the depth of difference
between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger, and depression.
Cummins, Jim - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Professor, University of Toronto/ is one of the
world's leading authorities on bilingual education and second language acquisition. The
acronyms "BICS" and "CALP" were first introduced by him in 1979-1980. The distinction of
the two skills were intended to draw attention to different time periods required by the learner
in the language acquisition process.
Denotation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The most specific or literal meaning of a word, as
opposed to its figurative senses or connotations.
Dialect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A variety of a language defined by both geographical
factors and social factors, such as class, religion, and ethnicity.
Discourse - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- is a continuous stretch of speech or written text,
going beyond a sentence to express thought. Example: style in writing or rules of
conversation.
Discourse Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Analyzing written or spoken language.
Actual Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The process of adapting to a new culture.
The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the following: -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- assimilation & marginalization
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The members of a group are absorbed into a
culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or forced to accept the
surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up original culture.
Marginalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded
from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These
groups will stay on the margin of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention.
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Finding ways to adapt to and become part of the
new culture while maintaining important values and customs of the original culture.
Affective Filter - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The psychological barrier that allows input to
be filtered through to a language processing mechanism. A low filter has little anxiety
increasing comprehension and attention.
Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Deciding to become like members of the new
culture, to accept their surface and deep culture, and giving up the original culture.
Bilingual Education - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An educational program in which two
languages are used during instruction in order to 1) continue primary language development,
2) provide instruction in content in both L1 and L2, and 3) English acquisition.
BICS - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills: Skills necessary for functioning in every day life, face-to face
interactions. These skills usually take about two years to develop in most second language
learners.
,Brain Laterization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Refers to functions of the left and right
hemispheres of the brain which affects language acquisition.
CALP - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency: The aspects of language linked to literacy and academic achievement.
These skills usually take five to seven years to fully develop in Second language learners.
Chompsky, Noam - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT. He
is credited with the creation of the Theory of Generative Grammar. His naturalistic approach
to the study of language affected the philosophy of language and mind through his theory of
the Language Acquistion Device. His work influenced the works of Krashen and Terrell
among others.
Cognates - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Words which have a common origin. There are 3
distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate
True Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word is spelled the same, meaning the same,
but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of the words such as an
accent mark. Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo
Partial Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word in other languages has the same
origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to
the language structure will be different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia
english- apple german apfel
False Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The word in another language may have the
same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning. Pronunciation will be
different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave Spanish- exito- success English-
embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish embarazada- pregnant
Cognitive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Learning strategies that are taught to
promote independent learning and higher order thinking skills.
Comprehensible Input - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Language that is understood by the
learner. Focuses on meaning first and uses simplified speech.
, Connotation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The implying or suggesting of an additional
meaning for a word or phrase apart from the explicit meaning.
Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by patterns
of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle, 2001) It includes what people know and
believe, what people do, and what people make and use.
Surface Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Part of culture that can be seen: Language,
clothing, food, customs, and art.
Deep Culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Below the surface are the more meaningful and
powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms- unwritten rules for
behavior c. values- what we hold most important
Culture Shock - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The realization of the depth of difference
between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger, and depression.
Cummins, Jim - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Professor, University of Toronto/ is one of the
world's leading authorities on bilingual education and second language acquisition. The
acronyms "BICS" and "CALP" were first introduced by him in 1979-1980. The distinction of
the two skills were intended to draw attention to different time periods required by the learner
in the language acquisition process.
Denotation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The most specific or literal meaning of a word, as
opposed to its figurative senses or connotations.
Dialect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A variety of a language defined by both geographical
factors and social factors, such as class, religion, and ethnicity.
Discourse - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- is a continuous stretch of speech or written text,
going beyond a sentence to express thought. Example: style in writing or rules of
conversation.
Discourse Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Analyzing written or spoken language.
