SJSU BIO 54 FINAL REVIEW
Consumption of alcohol (pathway + steps) - ✔️✔️-passes down the esophagus through
the stomach and into the small intestine
-majority of alcohol enters the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine
-bloodstream rapidly transports the ethanol throughout the body where it is absorbed
into the body, tissues in proportion to their water content
-Through oxidation in liver, alcohol is metabolized and removed from the bloodstream
Long term effects of alcohol - ✔️✔️-Effects on the nervous system
-Cardiovascular effects
-Liver disease
-Cancer
-Chronic inflammation of the pancreas
-Reduced ability of the body to fight bacteria and viruses
Alcohol addiction - ✔️✔️-a physical/psychological dependence with loss of control,
continuous craving and compulsive use
Binge drinking - ✔️✔️-consuming a large quantity of alcohol in a short period of time
Alcohol dehydrogenase - ✔️✔️-enzyme in stomach that breaks down alcohol
- women have 1/2 as much as men
Immediate effects of alcohol - ✔️✔️-reduces frequency of nerve transmission
-dehydration
-water is lost from cerebospinal fluid
-irritates gastrointestinal system
BAC Limit - ✔️✔️.08%
Absorption and metabolism of alcohol - ✔️✔️-About 20% of absorption occurs in the
stomach
-About 80% of absorption occurs in the small intestine
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ✔️✔️-secrete ADH = decrease in urine volume
-inhibit ADH = increase in urine volume
-ADH kicks in when your body detects your blood has too little water
Diuretics - ✔️✔️-agent that increases urine output
Antidiuretic - ✔️✔️-an agent that decreases urine production
, Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) - ✔️✔️-mental retardation, small head, tremors
-abnormalities of face, limbs, heart, and brain
Zero population growth - ✔️✔️-a population that is unchanging
-birth and death rate are equal
-growth rate = 0
Biodiversity - ✔️✔️-the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
Ozone depletion - ✔️✔️-the thinning of the ozone layer
Green house effect - ✔️✔️-the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the
Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate
thermal energy.
Global warming - ✔️✔️-gradual increase in average global temperature
AQI (Air Quality Index) - ✔️✔️-index for reporting daily air quality that tells you how
clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for
you
-0-50 = healthy
Indoor air pollution sources - ✔️✔️-asbestos
-formaldehyde
-radon
-household chemicals
-sick building syndrome
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) - ✔️✔️-federal agency created to oversee
environmental monitoring and cleanup programs
Clean Air Act (5 major pollutants) - ✔️✔️-ground-level ozone
-particle pollution
-carbon monoxide
-sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide
CFCs - ✔️✔️-chlorofluorocarbons
-man made chemicals used as coolants and propellants in aerosols
-potent greenhouse gases
-leads to depletion of the ozone layer
WHO's Definition of health - ✔️✔️-a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Consumption of alcohol (pathway + steps) - ✔️✔️-passes down the esophagus through
the stomach and into the small intestine
-majority of alcohol enters the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine
-bloodstream rapidly transports the ethanol throughout the body where it is absorbed
into the body, tissues in proportion to their water content
-Through oxidation in liver, alcohol is metabolized and removed from the bloodstream
Long term effects of alcohol - ✔️✔️-Effects on the nervous system
-Cardiovascular effects
-Liver disease
-Cancer
-Chronic inflammation of the pancreas
-Reduced ability of the body to fight bacteria and viruses
Alcohol addiction - ✔️✔️-a physical/psychological dependence with loss of control,
continuous craving and compulsive use
Binge drinking - ✔️✔️-consuming a large quantity of alcohol in a short period of time
Alcohol dehydrogenase - ✔️✔️-enzyme in stomach that breaks down alcohol
- women have 1/2 as much as men
Immediate effects of alcohol - ✔️✔️-reduces frequency of nerve transmission
-dehydration
-water is lost from cerebospinal fluid
-irritates gastrointestinal system
BAC Limit - ✔️✔️.08%
Absorption and metabolism of alcohol - ✔️✔️-About 20% of absorption occurs in the
stomach
-About 80% of absorption occurs in the small intestine
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ✔️✔️-secrete ADH = decrease in urine volume
-inhibit ADH = increase in urine volume
-ADH kicks in when your body detects your blood has too little water
Diuretics - ✔️✔️-agent that increases urine output
Antidiuretic - ✔️✔️-an agent that decreases urine production
, Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) - ✔️✔️-mental retardation, small head, tremors
-abnormalities of face, limbs, heart, and brain
Zero population growth - ✔️✔️-a population that is unchanging
-birth and death rate are equal
-growth rate = 0
Biodiversity - ✔️✔️-the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
Ozone depletion - ✔️✔️-the thinning of the ozone layer
Green house effect - ✔️✔️-the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the
Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and gases absorb and radiate
thermal energy.
Global warming - ✔️✔️-gradual increase in average global temperature
AQI (Air Quality Index) - ✔️✔️-index for reporting daily air quality that tells you how
clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for
you
-0-50 = healthy
Indoor air pollution sources - ✔️✔️-asbestos
-formaldehyde
-radon
-household chemicals
-sick building syndrome
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) - ✔️✔️-federal agency created to oversee
environmental monitoring and cleanup programs
Clean Air Act (5 major pollutants) - ✔️✔️-ground-level ozone
-particle pollution
-carbon monoxide
-sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide
CFCs - ✔️✔️-chlorofluorocarbons
-man made chemicals used as coolants and propellants in aerosols
-potent greenhouse gases
-leads to depletion of the ozone layer
WHO's Definition of health - ✔️✔️-a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
