HSC300 Midterm Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
The "dual hypothesis" of atherogenesis primarily involves what two processes? -
Answer ✔ Hypercholesterolemia & Inflammation
Atherosclerosis progresses in sequential stages of endothelial dysfunction over a period
of several months. - Answer ✔ false
The Framingham Heart Study was the first to demonstrate that serum cholesterol is a
biomarker of impending coronary heart disease and that the risk increases with intake of
saturated fats and decreases with intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (primarily from
olive oil). - Answer ✔ false
In the Seven Countries Study, populations consuming a Mediterranean diet had the
lowest rates of CHD. - Answer ✔ true
Name one of the major coronary arteries (specify left or right) - Answer ✔ left anterior
descending coronary artery
Cell necrosis (injury or death) can occur when there is a loss of oxygen-rich blood to the
heart tissue, as in a heart attack. - Answer ✔ true
Heart cells can only live for TWO MINUTES without oxygen ("time is tissue") - Answer
✔ false
These blood-clotting cells collect at the site of the plaque lesion, and can trap more
lipids and white blood cells, accelerating plaque buildup. - Answer ✔ platelets
After a heart attack, the area of heart tissue where necrosis (cell death) occurs is called
the area of injury. - Answer ✔ false
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical heart attack (myocardial infarction)
symptoms for MEN? - Answer ✔ chronic fatigue
Which of the following are TRUE regarding cardiac troponins? - Answer ✔ Troponins
help the heart muscle to contract
They remain elevated in the blood for 10-15 days after an MI
,Elevated troponins indicate that heart tissue has been damaged
Which of the following are inflammatory markers that can signify that a plaque is
unstable or rupturing and a blockage may occur or be occurrig? - Answer ✔ Interleukin-
18
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Some plaques develop thin, soft, and unpredictable fibrous caps, which are at risk at
rupturing. When this plaque ruptures, artery blockage or _____ can occur, eventually
causing a heart attack. - Answer ✔ cardiac ischemia
A plaque in the blood vessel that has developed a thick, hard, calcified fibrous cap is
called a - Answer ✔ stable plaque
Which of the following are potential causes of a heart attack or MI? - Answer ✔ When a
clot keeps blood from passing through a coronary artery
when an artery spasm shuts down blood flow to the heart (this can happen with cocaine
or severe emotional stress)
sickle cell crisis
allergic reactions
carbon monoxide poisoning
An extreme need for blood flow to the heart such as during extreme physical exertion,
shock, or hemorrhage
The name for plaque buildup in medium to larger arteries such as the coronary arteries
is: - Answer ✔ arteriosclerosis
HDL's produce toxins that form tiny lesions on the inner walls of the arteries. These
lesions then attract triglycerides, inflammatory cells, platelets and more HDL's to
eventually form a plaque in the artery. - Answer ✔ false
After a heart attack, the outermost area of affected heart tissue is called the _____ .
While this area becomes weakened, it can regain function within 2-3 weeks. - Answer ✔
zone of ischemia
The name for a stationary blood clot. Sometimes an MI is caused when one of these
blocks bloodflow through one of the coronary arteries. - Answer ✔ thrombus
, Condition that can result when a weakened heart causes blood backup and leakage of
plasma into the lungs (as in heart failure) - Answer ✔ pulmonary edema
Which of the following conditions can lead to cardiac arrest? - Answer ✔ myocardial
infarction
.
cardiogenic shock
arrhythmia
rupturing of a heart wall or valve
The bloodstream transports a sugar called glucose. If the blood sugar level gets too
high, an endocrine organ secretes a hormone called _______ that promotes the
removal of sugar from the blood and transports it into the cells. - Answer ✔ insulin
Which of the patients would you hypothesize to have Type I Diabetes? - Answer ✔
Janique (c-peptide level is 0.2)
The bloodstream transports a sugar called glucose. If the blood sugar level gets too
high, the endocrine organ, the _______ secretes a hormone into the blood that
promotes the removal of sugar from the blood and transport into the cells. - Answer ✔
pancreas
Without medication, Type 1 Diabetics eating a typical American Diet would likely have
_______________ levels of insulin and _________________ level of glucose in their
blood. - Answer ✔ low insulin
high glucose
Exercise is effective in the management of diabetes because increasing muscle mass /
decreased adiposity increases the sensitivity of glucose uptake receptors to insulin. -
Answer ✔ true
Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 90-95% of all diabetescases. - Answer ✔
false
Which of the following patients is most likely to be insulin resistant (hint: look at
triglyceride levels) - Answer ✔ Jorge
Statins are often given to diabetic patients - even if their cholesterol is normal due to
their ability to reduce risk of CVD events - Answer ✔ true
with 100% Correct Answers
The "dual hypothesis" of atherogenesis primarily involves what two processes? -
Answer ✔ Hypercholesterolemia & Inflammation
Atherosclerosis progresses in sequential stages of endothelial dysfunction over a period
of several months. - Answer ✔ false
The Framingham Heart Study was the first to demonstrate that serum cholesterol is a
biomarker of impending coronary heart disease and that the risk increases with intake of
saturated fats and decreases with intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (primarily from
olive oil). - Answer ✔ false
In the Seven Countries Study, populations consuming a Mediterranean diet had the
lowest rates of CHD. - Answer ✔ true
Name one of the major coronary arteries (specify left or right) - Answer ✔ left anterior
descending coronary artery
Cell necrosis (injury or death) can occur when there is a loss of oxygen-rich blood to the
heart tissue, as in a heart attack. - Answer ✔ true
Heart cells can only live for TWO MINUTES without oxygen ("time is tissue") - Answer
✔ false
These blood-clotting cells collect at the site of the plaque lesion, and can trap more
lipids and white blood cells, accelerating plaque buildup. - Answer ✔ platelets
After a heart attack, the area of heart tissue where necrosis (cell death) occurs is called
the area of injury. - Answer ✔ false
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical heart attack (myocardial infarction)
symptoms for MEN? - Answer ✔ chronic fatigue
Which of the following are TRUE regarding cardiac troponins? - Answer ✔ Troponins
help the heart muscle to contract
They remain elevated in the blood for 10-15 days after an MI
,Elevated troponins indicate that heart tissue has been damaged
Which of the following are inflammatory markers that can signify that a plaque is
unstable or rupturing and a blockage may occur or be occurrig? - Answer ✔ Interleukin-
18
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Some plaques develop thin, soft, and unpredictable fibrous caps, which are at risk at
rupturing. When this plaque ruptures, artery blockage or _____ can occur, eventually
causing a heart attack. - Answer ✔ cardiac ischemia
A plaque in the blood vessel that has developed a thick, hard, calcified fibrous cap is
called a - Answer ✔ stable plaque
Which of the following are potential causes of a heart attack or MI? - Answer ✔ When a
clot keeps blood from passing through a coronary artery
when an artery spasm shuts down blood flow to the heart (this can happen with cocaine
or severe emotional stress)
sickle cell crisis
allergic reactions
carbon monoxide poisoning
An extreme need for blood flow to the heart such as during extreme physical exertion,
shock, or hemorrhage
The name for plaque buildup in medium to larger arteries such as the coronary arteries
is: - Answer ✔ arteriosclerosis
HDL's produce toxins that form tiny lesions on the inner walls of the arteries. These
lesions then attract triglycerides, inflammatory cells, platelets and more HDL's to
eventually form a plaque in the artery. - Answer ✔ false
After a heart attack, the outermost area of affected heart tissue is called the _____ .
While this area becomes weakened, it can regain function within 2-3 weeks. - Answer ✔
zone of ischemia
The name for a stationary blood clot. Sometimes an MI is caused when one of these
blocks bloodflow through one of the coronary arteries. - Answer ✔ thrombus
, Condition that can result when a weakened heart causes blood backup and leakage of
plasma into the lungs (as in heart failure) - Answer ✔ pulmonary edema
Which of the following conditions can lead to cardiac arrest? - Answer ✔ myocardial
infarction
.
cardiogenic shock
arrhythmia
rupturing of a heart wall or valve
The bloodstream transports a sugar called glucose. If the blood sugar level gets too
high, an endocrine organ secretes a hormone called _______ that promotes the
removal of sugar from the blood and transports it into the cells. - Answer ✔ insulin
Which of the patients would you hypothesize to have Type I Diabetes? - Answer ✔
Janique (c-peptide level is 0.2)
The bloodstream transports a sugar called glucose. If the blood sugar level gets too
high, the endocrine organ, the _______ secretes a hormone into the blood that
promotes the removal of sugar from the blood and transport into the cells. - Answer ✔
pancreas
Without medication, Type 1 Diabetics eating a typical American Diet would likely have
_______________ levels of insulin and _________________ level of glucose in their
blood. - Answer ✔ low insulin
high glucose
Exercise is effective in the management of diabetes because increasing muscle mass /
decreased adiposity increases the sensitivity of glucose uptake receptors to insulin. -
Answer ✔ true
Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 90-95% of all diabetescases. - Answer ✔
false
Which of the following patients is most likely to be insulin resistant (hint: look at
triglyceride levels) - Answer ✔ Jorge
Statins are often given to diabetic patients - even if their cholesterol is normal due to
their ability to reduce risk of CVD events - Answer ✔ true
