Chapter 3 - Program Planning Models in
Health Promotion Questions & Answers
What is the key role of the health education specialist? - ANSWERSPlanning,
implementing, and evaluating programs
What is a good health promotion program based on? - ANSWERSBased on a
systematic planning model or approach
What are planning models? Why is it important to the delivery of health promotion? -
ANSWERS1. Visual representations and descriptions of steps or phases in the planning
process
2. - Important because it is the means by which structure and organizations are given to
the successful development and delivery of health promotion
- Models provide planners with direction and a framework to build intervention
What is the generalized model's five basic phases/steps? What is the unofficial first step
of this model? - ANSWERS1. Assessing needs: collecting and analyzing data to
determine the health needs of a population; setting priorities; selecting a priority
population
2. Setting goals and objectives: what will be accomplished
3. Developing interventions: how goals and objectives will be achieved
4. Implementing interventions: putting interventions into action
5. Evaluating results: improving quality of intervention (formative evaluation) and
determining effectiveness of intervention (summative evaluation)
Unofficial first step: pre-planning
What is the goal of any planning effort? - ANSWERSTo improve health outcomes
How does one ensure that health outcomes are improved? - ANSWERSImportant to
use evidence-based (effective or proven) approaches in all phases of planning
What are the seven phases in the evidence-based planning framework for public
health? - ANSWERSPhase 1: Community Assessment
- Planners must understand community context (characteristics/circumstances that
define the community)
- Understand health concerns and how to implement programs most effectively to them
- Collecting new data and examining existing data
Phase 2: Quantifying the Issue
- Using descriptive epidemiology (distribution of disease)
- Analyze and display disease frequencies
- Tables and figures are used to present prevalence and incidence rates to make
decisions about health concerns in the community
, Phase 3: Developing a Concise Statement of the Issue
- Summarizing an analysis of root causes of the most significant health problems in the
community
Phase 4: Determining What is Known using Scientific Literature
- Identify evidence-based solutions related to the root causes and related problems
identified in the statement of the issue
- Categorize potential solutions as recommended with strong evidence
- Leads planners to various interventions that may effectively address the root cause of
the health problems identified
Phase 5: Developing and Prioritizing Program and Policy Options
- Prioritize specific interventions or action steps using methods that are systematic,
objective, and allows for standardized comparisons
Phase 6: Developing an Action Plan and Implementing Interventions
- Goals and objectives are developed and action strategies are planned
- Logic models are developed to show inputs (resources) and outputs (what will be
accomplished)
Phase 7: Evaluating the Program/Policy
- Takes measures to improve the existing program or policy
- Measures effectiveness
What is the MAPP model? What organizations created it? - ANSWERS1. Mobilizing for
Action through Planning and Partnerships is a foundational approach to planning and
evaluation in public health and is intended to improve health and quality of life through
mobilized partnerships and taking strategic action
2. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Association
of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
What are the 6 phases of the MAPP model and the 4 MAPP assessments? -
ANSWERSPhase 1: Organizing for success and partnership and development
- Whether the process is timely, appropriate, or even possible
*if resources are not available, the process is not undertaken, if it is, the following work
groups are created
1) A core support team
2) The MAPP committee (with key sponsors)
3) The community itself
Phase 2: Visioning
- Guides the community through a process that results in a shared vision and common
values
Phase 3: The four MAPP assessments
1) The community themes and strengths assessment (community + consumer opinion)
2) The local public health assessment (local health department + local health system)
3) The community health status assessment (morbidity, mortality, and risk factor data)
4) The forces of change assessment (legislation, technology, or other
environmental/social factors that do/will impact the community
Phase 4: Identify strategic issues
Health Promotion Questions & Answers
What is the key role of the health education specialist? - ANSWERSPlanning,
implementing, and evaluating programs
What is a good health promotion program based on? - ANSWERSBased on a
systematic planning model or approach
What are planning models? Why is it important to the delivery of health promotion? -
ANSWERS1. Visual representations and descriptions of steps or phases in the planning
process
2. - Important because it is the means by which structure and organizations are given to
the successful development and delivery of health promotion
- Models provide planners with direction and a framework to build intervention
What is the generalized model's five basic phases/steps? What is the unofficial first step
of this model? - ANSWERS1. Assessing needs: collecting and analyzing data to
determine the health needs of a population; setting priorities; selecting a priority
population
2. Setting goals and objectives: what will be accomplished
3. Developing interventions: how goals and objectives will be achieved
4. Implementing interventions: putting interventions into action
5. Evaluating results: improving quality of intervention (formative evaluation) and
determining effectiveness of intervention (summative evaluation)
Unofficial first step: pre-planning
What is the goal of any planning effort? - ANSWERSTo improve health outcomes
How does one ensure that health outcomes are improved? - ANSWERSImportant to
use evidence-based (effective or proven) approaches in all phases of planning
What are the seven phases in the evidence-based planning framework for public
health? - ANSWERSPhase 1: Community Assessment
- Planners must understand community context (characteristics/circumstances that
define the community)
- Understand health concerns and how to implement programs most effectively to them
- Collecting new data and examining existing data
Phase 2: Quantifying the Issue
- Using descriptive epidemiology (distribution of disease)
- Analyze and display disease frequencies
- Tables and figures are used to present prevalence and incidence rates to make
decisions about health concerns in the community
, Phase 3: Developing a Concise Statement of the Issue
- Summarizing an analysis of root causes of the most significant health problems in the
community
Phase 4: Determining What is Known using Scientific Literature
- Identify evidence-based solutions related to the root causes and related problems
identified in the statement of the issue
- Categorize potential solutions as recommended with strong evidence
- Leads planners to various interventions that may effectively address the root cause of
the health problems identified
Phase 5: Developing and Prioritizing Program and Policy Options
- Prioritize specific interventions or action steps using methods that are systematic,
objective, and allows for standardized comparisons
Phase 6: Developing an Action Plan and Implementing Interventions
- Goals and objectives are developed and action strategies are planned
- Logic models are developed to show inputs (resources) and outputs (what will be
accomplished)
Phase 7: Evaluating the Program/Policy
- Takes measures to improve the existing program or policy
- Measures effectiveness
What is the MAPP model? What organizations created it? - ANSWERS1. Mobilizing for
Action through Planning and Partnerships is a foundational approach to planning and
evaluation in public health and is intended to improve health and quality of life through
mobilized partnerships and taking strategic action
2. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Association
of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
What are the 6 phases of the MAPP model and the 4 MAPP assessments? -
ANSWERSPhase 1: Organizing for success and partnership and development
- Whether the process is timely, appropriate, or even possible
*if resources are not available, the process is not undertaken, if it is, the following work
groups are created
1) A core support team
2) The MAPP committee (with key sponsors)
3) The community itself
Phase 2: Visioning
- Guides the community through a process that results in a shared vision and common
values
Phase 3: The four MAPP assessments
1) The community themes and strengths assessment (community + consumer opinion)
2) The local public health assessment (local health department + local health system)
3) The community health status assessment (morbidity, mortality, and risk factor data)
4) The forces of change assessment (legislation, technology, or other
environmental/social factors that do/will impact the community
Phase 4: Identify strategic issues
