Grade 12 IEB - Information Technology Theory Summary

LUZ : Hardware and Software

Modular
Design Comp :
be
put . can
together / upgraded with
your requirements
in mind


↳ Components
to Advantages
easily interchangeable .




: -




Repairs are easier

Upgrades easier
-



are


-




Flexibility

Improving Processor Speed :




↳ Reloads instructions
Hyper threading Duplicating :
on -



chip registers . on
registers .




Multiprocessing :
Multiple cores on CPU chip .



Many instructions processed ab same time (parallel
processing)
Processor Cache :
Cache pre
-
fetches instructions and data from RAM .




Can serve faster to CPU


Size
Register :
Store current instructions and it's data .




Larger Register =
more data
processed at one time .




Bus Size :
Daba Bus size should match .




register size ( 32 bit -
or 64 bit )
-




larger Bus =
more
memory to
be addressed .




Overclocking / :

Overclocking Making components run at speeds faster than
designed
-




Clock multiplication to Per component
:
Changes own clock multiplication factor
whole system
:

system clock increased



Expansion Cards us .
Onboard Controllers

↳ Onboard controller -

_

Cannot be removed or
replaced .
Uses system resources




Expansion Card :
Connect Go motherboard slob .
Provides better
functionality

,Co Processors
- :
Assistant to CPU

↳ Graphics Card Co-processor
:
that handles
graphics rendering ,
freeing up CPU .




to 4 main
components : Motherboard connection for data t
power

Processor

Memory
Monitor Connection



Integrated Graphics : On chip CPU -




processor
for
graphics .




↳
Advantages Cheaper :




Less heat t
power usage
.




Maths Co-processor Helps ALU calculations Embedded CPU
process complex in
:
.
.




Increasing speed + Size of RAM

↳ URAM :

Memory housed on slower
secondary storage

↳
Increasing RAM = less need for slow URAM =
increase in
speed .




Buses

to Internal Buses
local
Internal buses ( address control bus ) located motherboard
memory
: on
, ,

Size of bus influences speed of
processing .




Size of bus data / locations
carry memory
=
more .




External Buses :
Connects external devices to computer
SATA USB NUME
eg ,
.

,




Ports

to USB :
Note the difference between


to USB Standards USB : 3.1 , 3.0 and 2.0 indicate speed .




USB Ports USB Type :
-
A, B or C indicate
port shape .




↳ Type -
A -
_
Most common USB port .




Device w/ port provides electricity + controls data



Type -
B :
Square-shaped .




Used for portable devices




Type -

C :
Reversible
Allows bi-directional power CUSB Power Delivery )

, HDMI and DisplayPort
↳ Carry Definition quality digital
High video and audio .




to DP supports When displays all connected instead of the
chaining eachother
:
to
daisy are source




Thunderbolt Parts

↓ The faster and allows daisy
same as USB C but
chaining
-




,




↓ Not all USB-C ports support Thunderbolt



Secondary Storage
to SSD : Solid State Drive


to Consume
Advantages less
power
:




Less prone to data loss
Faster Read / Write speeds


M .
2 :
SSD Ghab connebs to M 2 slot
. on motherboard

M 2 refers
.
to form factor
same SATA SSD
speed as




NU Me M 2 .
: SSD connects via PCI express
-




Faster Read /Write speed than SATA SSD



Typical Computer Systems
to Entry level
laptop / desktop
Mid-level laptop / desktop
High -

level laptop / desktop
Server


Wearable Tech
Technology :
worn near or on skin .




Used to analyse info


[
detect , and transmit about user .




Smartwatches :
Connect to user
smartphone and
notify user


smart Tech
clothing
:
enhanced clothes that add extra
functionality
Head Mounted Headset
-




Display : with small
display per eye
to AR :

Augmented Reality overlay -

over real-world

VR :
Virtual Reality Complete virtual
-



experience
Implanted Smart Device :

Surgically implanted devices



Mobile Constraints
Technology
↳ Screen size
,
Single window ,
Computing power