URBS 300 Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is Placemaking and who advocates for it? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Placemaking
is a multi-faceted approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces.
Placemaking capitalizes on a local community's assets, inspiration, and potential, with the
intention of creating public spaces that promote people's health, happiness, and well being.
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a representative democracy? and who speaks to that? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- a
type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of
people, as opposed to direct democracy.[2] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies are
types of representative democracies;
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a direct democracy? EX: - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔In direct democracy, people
decide on policies without any intermediary. Depending on the particular system in use,
direct democracy might entail passing executive decisions, the use of sortition, making laws,
directly electing or dismissing officials, and conducting trials.
Athens
What is a participatory democracy? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔is a form of direct
democracy and emphasizes the broad participation of constituents in the direction and
operation of political systems. However, participatory democracy tends to advocate more
involved forms of citizen participation and greater political representation than traditional
representative democracy.
Explain the relationship between Democracy and Knowledge. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Knowledge guides action however democracy (and the type of democracy) guides
knowledge in certain ways.
Place vs Space - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A PLACE can be seen as SPACE that has a
meaning.
, Explain Fainstein's Planning Theory approaches as well as what they are reactions to. -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Fainstein exames three approaches to planning theory: the
communicative model (Participatory planning), the new urbanism, and the just city.
- Thus the communicative model responds to the imposition of top-down planning by experts
deploying an Enlightenment discourse that posits a unitary public interest to be achieved
through application of the rational model, the new urbanism is a backlash to market-driven
development that destroys the spatial basis for community, and the just-city formulation
reacts to the social and spatial inequality engendered by capitalism.
Who developed the latter of participation and draw it... - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Arnstein's... (further learn this ladder.
- (1 ) Manipula- tion and (2) Therapy.
These two rungs describe levels of "non-participation" that have been contrived by some to
substitute for genuine participation. Their real ob- jective is not to enable people to participate
in planning or conducting programs, but to enable powerholders to "educate" or "cure" the
participants. Rungs 3 and 4 progress to levels of "tokenism" that allow the have- nots to hear
and to have a voice:
- (3) Znforming and (4) Considtation.
When they are proffered by power- holders as the total extent of participation, citizens may
indeed hear and be heard. But under these conditions they lack the power to insure that their
views will be heeded by the powerful, When participation is re- stricted to these levels, there
is no followthrough, no "muscle," hence no assurance of changing the status quo.
- (5) Placation, is simply a higher level tokenism because the groundrules allow have-nots to
advise, but retain for the powerholders the continued right to decide. Further up the ladder are
levels of citizen power with increasing degrees of decision-making clout. Citizens
ARNSTEIN can enter into a (6) Partnership that enables them to negotiate and engage in
trade-offs with traditional powerholders.
At the topmost rungs, (7) Delegated Power and (8) Citizen Control, have-not citizens obtain
the majority of decision-making seats, or full managerial power.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is Placemaking and who advocates for it? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Placemaking
is a multi-faceted approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces.
Placemaking capitalizes on a local community's assets, inspiration, and potential, with the
intention of creating public spaces that promote people's health, happiness, and well being.
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a representative democracy? and who speaks to that? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- a
type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of
people, as opposed to direct democracy.[2] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies are
types of representative democracies;
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a direct democracy? EX: - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔In direct democracy, people
decide on policies without any intermediary. Depending on the particular system in use,
direct democracy might entail passing executive decisions, the use of sortition, making laws,
directly electing or dismissing officials, and conducting trials.
Athens
What is a participatory democracy? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔is a form of direct
democracy and emphasizes the broad participation of constituents in the direction and
operation of political systems. However, participatory democracy tends to advocate more
involved forms of citizen participation and greater political representation than traditional
representative democracy.
Explain the relationship between Democracy and Knowledge. - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Knowledge guides action however democracy (and the type of democracy) guides
knowledge in certain ways.
Place vs Space - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A PLACE can be seen as SPACE that has a
meaning.
, Explain Fainstein's Planning Theory approaches as well as what they are reactions to. -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Fainstein exames three approaches to planning theory: the
communicative model (Participatory planning), the new urbanism, and the just city.
- Thus the communicative model responds to the imposition of top-down planning by experts
deploying an Enlightenment discourse that posits a unitary public interest to be achieved
through application of the rational model, the new urbanism is a backlash to market-driven
development that destroys the spatial basis for community, and the just-city formulation
reacts to the social and spatial inequality engendered by capitalism.
Who developed the latter of participation and draw it... - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Arnstein's... (further learn this ladder.
- (1 ) Manipula- tion and (2) Therapy.
These two rungs describe levels of "non-participation" that have been contrived by some to
substitute for genuine participation. Their real ob- jective is not to enable people to participate
in planning or conducting programs, but to enable powerholders to "educate" or "cure" the
participants. Rungs 3 and 4 progress to levels of "tokenism" that allow the have- nots to hear
and to have a voice:
- (3) Znforming and (4) Considtation.
When they are proffered by power- holders as the total extent of participation, citizens may
indeed hear and be heard. But under these conditions they lack the power to insure that their
views will be heeded by the powerful, When participation is re- stricted to these levels, there
is no followthrough, no "muscle," hence no assurance of changing the status quo.
- (5) Placation, is simply a higher level tokenism because the groundrules allow have-nots to
advise, but retain for the powerholders the continued right to decide. Further up the ladder are
levels of citizen power with increasing degrees of decision-making clout. Citizens
ARNSTEIN can enter into a (6) Partnership that enables them to negotiate and engage in
trade-offs with traditional powerholders.
At the topmost rungs, (7) Delegated Power and (8) Citizen Control, have-not citizens obtain
the majority of decision-making seats, or full managerial power.
