BIO 210 Genetics Final UPDATED Actual
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- phosphate
group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Adenine and Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cytosine, thymine,
uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA:
double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases: A,
U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nucleoside: pentose sugar +
nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phosphodiester
bonds
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
,Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- location in the cell that contains
centrioles
What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2
centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell typically have? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2 copies
what are homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of the same type of
DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- interphase,
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitosis stage that the
cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication occurs (still
uncondensed)
, What happens during mitosis prophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a kinetochore that
attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- all chromosomes are
lined up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitotic spindle fibers
pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nuclear envelope
reforms
plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at this point
What happens during cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cells split off; genetic
material becomes uncondensed
What happens during Meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Division of one diploid cell to
yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
What happens during Meiosis 1? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Homologous chromosomes
pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic material) occurs at chiasmata.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- phosphate
group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Adenine and Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cytosine, thymine,
uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA:
double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases: A,
U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nucleoside: pentose sugar +
nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phosphodiester
bonds
What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
,Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- location in the cell that contains
centrioles
What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2
centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell typically have? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2 copies
what are homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of the same type of
DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- interphase,
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitosis stage that the
cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication occurs (still
uncondensed)
, What happens during mitosis prophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a kinetochore that
attracts mitotic spindle fibers
What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the kinetochore
What happens during mitosis metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- all chromosomes are
lined up on the metaphase plate
What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitotic spindle fibers
pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
What happens during mitosis telophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nuclear envelope
reforms
plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at this point
What happens during cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cells split off; genetic
material becomes uncondensed
What happens during Meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Division of one diploid cell to
yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different
What happens during Meiosis 1? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Homologous chromosomes
pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic material) occurs at chiasmata.
