Immunology Exam 1 Questions with Complete
Solutions.
What are the secondary lymphoid tissues? -Answer sites where lymphocytes are activated
to
respond to pathogens include the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsil/adenoids, malt/balt/galt
(mucosal/bronchial/gut associated lymphoid tissues); "dynamic" tissues bc lymphocytes are
constantly arriving and departing & "sampling" the environment in secondary tissue to see if
they need to respond to a pathogen.
What's the significance of lymph nodes? -Answer it is where lymphocytes are activated by
antigens
Wha'ts the significance of the spleen? -Answer it is where lymphocytes are activated by
antigens in blood in the white pulp to cause immune activation (red pulp is the dead/dying
RBCs
accummulation and removed from circulation)
Describe the process of how lymphocytes are activated in the lymph nodes. -Answer 1.
,pathogen invading tissue
2. MO responds by phagogytosing antigen/pathogen
-facilitate inflammatory response
- DC internalize antigen & move to draining lymph
node
3. DC-pathogen, pathogen, pathogen components arrive the lymph node via the afferent
lymphatics.
4. T-cells become activated by the DC that are carrying the antigen to the lymph node
5. B-cells become activated by the recognition of the pathogen components or pathogen.
What are some strategies to kill pathogens? -Answer 1. soluble molecules in extracellular
space/fluid (ex. complement system, antibodies, defensins)
2. NK cell & cytotoxic T cell kill infected host cell.
3. macrophages & neutrophils kill pathogen.
Where are the complement system proteins made? -Answer in the liver (~30 protein
types).
, Are called C1, C2, C3, etc.
T or F: Complement proteins circulate around in blood in an active form. -Answer False.
Complement proteins circulate in blood in inactive form.
Where can complement proteins be found? -Answer 1. blood
2. lymph
3. interstitial spaces
What are two examples of phagocytes? -Answer Neutrophils (PMN-polymorpho nuclear)
and Macrophages (MO)
True or false: Monocytes are precursors of macrophages. -Answer True. Monocytes are
found in blood but when they move into tissues, they are macrophages.
What cells are important for parasite control, allergy, and inflammation? -Answer 1. mast
cell (release histamine when activated)
2. eosinophil (similar function as mast cell but arrive at scene later)
3. basophil (uncommon; function unknown)
Solutions.
What are the secondary lymphoid tissues? -Answer sites where lymphocytes are activated
to
respond to pathogens include the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsil/adenoids, malt/balt/galt
(mucosal/bronchial/gut associated lymphoid tissues); "dynamic" tissues bc lymphocytes are
constantly arriving and departing & "sampling" the environment in secondary tissue to see if
they need to respond to a pathogen.
What's the significance of lymph nodes? -Answer it is where lymphocytes are activated by
antigens
Wha'ts the significance of the spleen? -Answer it is where lymphocytes are activated by
antigens in blood in the white pulp to cause immune activation (red pulp is the dead/dying
RBCs
accummulation and removed from circulation)
Describe the process of how lymphocytes are activated in the lymph nodes. -Answer 1.
,pathogen invading tissue
2. MO responds by phagogytosing antigen/pathogen
-facilitate inflammatory response
- DC internalize antigen & move to draining lymph
node
3. DC-pathogen, pathogen, pathogen components arrive the lymph node via the afferent
lymphatics.
4. T-cells become activated by the DC that are carrying the antigen to the lymph node
5. B-cells become activated by the recognition of the pathogen components or pathogen.
What are some strategies to kill pathogens? -Answer 1. soluble molecules in extracellular
space/fluid (ex. complement system, antibodies, defensins)
2. NK cell & cytotoxic T cell kill infected host cell.
3. macrophages & neutrophils kill pathogen.
Where are the complement system proteins made? -Answer in the liver (~30 protein
types).
, Are called C1, C2, C3, etc.
T or F: Complement proteins circulate around in blood in an active form. -Answer False.
Complement proteins circulate in blood in inactive form.
Where can complement proteins be found? -Answer 1. blood
2. lymph
3. interstitial spaces
What are two examples of phagocytes? -Answer Neutrophils (PMN-polymorpho nuclear)
and Macrophages (MO)
True or false: Monocytes are precursors of macrophages. -Answer True. Monocytes are
found in blood but when they move into tissues, they are macrophages.
What cells are important for parasite control, allergy, and inflammation? -Answer 1. mast
cell (release histamine when activated)
2. eosinophil (similar function as mast cell but arrive at scene later)
3. basophil (uncommon; function unknown)
