NURS 487 Final Exam Questions And
100% Correct Answers
What is a sign/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER In early septic
shock, the patient's skin is warm and dry. If cool and clammy skin is
presented, this would indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock -ANSER Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the
nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread
dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
What are hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension
and bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased
cardiac output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such
as SIRS or Septic shock
,What is a sign that this client is going from a state of cardiogenic shock into
MODS? - ANSWER The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the
client has renal failure along with his heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - ANSWER Septicemia and
laboured breathing suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - ANSWER to improve the client's
oxygenation as reflected by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid inside the cell
Extracellular fluid- ANSWER fluid outside the cell
Intravascular fluid- ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
Interstitial fluid- ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps)- ANSWER The accumulation of fluid in
interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What comes after sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
, What does sodium do? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane
transport
Sodium (cat or an, ECF or ICF, what regulates it? Function?) - ANSWER -
major ECF cat
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions : neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane
transport
What is the role of chloride? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - ANSWER -
Major ECF anion
- provides electroneutrality
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? (steps, overall effect) -
ANSWER - Body's response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase
blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What is the result of the delivery of a hypotonic solution? - ANSWER When a
hypotonic solution is delivered, it places more water in the serum than is
found inside the cells. Due to this fact, water will move into the cells, causing
them to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? (purpose, when is it used, who should you not
give it to?) - ANSWER - Fluid goes into the cell
100% Correct Answers
What is a sign/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER In early septic
shock, the patient's skin is warm and dry. If cool and clammy skin is
presented, this would indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock -ANSER Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the
nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread
dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
What are hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension
and bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased
cardiac output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such
as SIRS or Septic shock
,What is a sign that this client is going from a state of cardiogenic shock into
MODS? - ANSWER The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the
client has renal failure along with his heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - ANSWER Septicemia and
laboured breathing suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - ANSWER to improve the client's
oxygenation as reflected by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid inside the cell
Extracellular fluid- ANSWER fluid outside the cell
Intravascular fluid- ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
Interstitial fluid- ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps)- ANSWER The accumulation of fluid in
interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What comes after sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
, What does sodium do? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane
transport
Sodium (cat or an, ECF or ICF, what regulates it? Function?) - ANSWER -
major ECF cat
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions : neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane
transport
What is the role of chloride? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - ANSWER -
Major ECF anion
- provides electroneutrality
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? (steps, overall effect) -
ANSWER - Body's response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase
blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What is the result of the delivery of a hypotonic solution? - ANSWER When a
hypotonic solution is delivered, it places more water in the serum than is
found inside the cells. Due to this fact, water will move into the cells, causing
them to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? (purpose, when is it used, who should you not
give it to?) - ANSWER - Fluid goes into the cell
