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BNNS502 Exam 2 Questions With 100%
Verified Answers
Describe the location and function of the scrotum
- state the specific function of the cremaster & dartos muscles - answer✔location - outside of the
pelvic cavity at the root of the penis
function - regulate the temperature of the testes
cremaster - is a muscle that pulls testes closer to the pelvic floor (to the warmth of the body) in
cold conditions
dartos muscles - are muscles that contracts & wrinkles the scrotum (decreasing surface area for
heat loss) in cold conditions
state the 3 functions of the Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells - answer✔1. supports & provides
nutrients for cells while they undergo meiosis & develop into sperm
2. produce testicular fluid for transport of sperm
3. control release of sperm into lumen of the seminiferous tubule
define spermatogenesis (include the specific cells) - answer✔definition - the formation of sperm
by meiosis
spermatogenic cells - produce sperm cells
sustentacular cells - nourish developing sperm
interstitial cells - secrete testosterone
describe the specific functions of the acrosome, mitochondria & tail of the sperm cell -
answer✔acrosome - cap-like vesicle containing enzymes to help sperm penetrate the secondary
oocyte
midpiece - contains mitochondria which provide energy so the tail can propel the sperm
tail - propels the sperm
name the hormones involved in spermatogenesis beginning from the hypothalamus
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
- state 3 functions of testosterone - answer✔hypothalamus - increases secretion of GnRH
GnRH - stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete LH & FSH
LH - stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone
FSH - stimulates spermatogenesis
testosterone - controls the growth, development, functioning, & maintenance of sex organs,
stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, & stimulates
sperm maturation, bone growth, & protein synthesis
describe the location of and 3 functions of the epididymis - answer✔1. site for sperm to mature
& gain mobility
2. stores sperm
3. propels sperm into ductus deferens
state the function of the Ductus (vas) deferens) - answer✔transports sperm from the epididymis
to the urethra by peristalsis
name the structures located in the spermatic cord - answer✔testicular blood vessels, autonomic
nerves, lymphatic vessels, ductus deferens, & cremaster muscle
describe the location and state the function of; the seminal vesicles, the ejaculatory duct, the
prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands - answer✔seminal vesicles - along the back of the
bladder, add alkaline viscous fluid to sperm
ejaculatory duct - superior aspect of the prostate gland, ejects sperm & seminal vesicle secretions
into the urethra
prostate gland - encircles urethra & just inferior to the urinary bladder, contracts during
ejaculation squeezing glandular secretions into the urethra
bulbourethral glands - beneath the prostate gland & beginning of the penis, produces an alkaline
mucus that drains into the urethra & lubricates the male urethra
describe the function of the urethra
- explain why a male doesn't urinate during ejaculation - answer✔function - carries urine out of
the bladder & propels sperm
during ejaculation a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes preventing
urine from entering the urethra & preventing semen entering the urinary bladder
describe the pathway of sperm from site of production to exit from the body (name all the
structures that the sperm (and semen) pass through) - answer✔once leaving the testes,
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
epididymis, ductus deferens which then joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory
duct, urethra
describe two age related changes that occur in older men - answer✔1. testosterone levels
decrease resulting in decreased muscular strength, fewer viable sperm & decreased sexual desire
2. decrease in hormone production leads to decrease in quantity & quality of sperm
describe the changes to the reproductive system that occur with the onset of puberty - answer✔-
scrotum & testes grow larger
- penis becomes longer and the seminal vesicles and prostate gland grow
- development of secondary sex characteristics
revise the content & functions of the nucleus - answer✔- functions; control cellular structure,
directs cellular activities, and produces ribosomes
- contains; nucleoli and genes
define the terms, alleles, homozygous alleles & heterozygous alleles - answer✔- alleles;
alternative versions of a gene
- homozygous alleles; identical information for a trait
- heterozygous alleles; different information for a trait
name & describe the two different types of cell division
- include the end of each, the number of chromosomes in each new cell, the location of where the
cell division occurs and the type of division that occurs (e.g. mitosis & meiosis) - answer✔-
somatic cell division; aim is to replicate dead or injured cells or add new cells during tissue
growth, results in two genetically identical daughter cells, occurs via mitosis & cytokinesis
- reproductive cell division; aim is to produce the gamete cells (sperm & oocyte) required for the
next generation, results in four genetically variable daughter cells, occurs via meiosis
explain how genetic variation occurs - answer✔crossing over during meiosis 1 increases genetic
variation by exchanging of genes between homologous chromosome
define cancer and the terms malignant & benign tumours - answer✔cancer - group of diseases
that results from uncontrolled or abnormal cell proliferation
malignant - are tumours that undergo metastases (spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the
body)
benign - are tumours that don't metastases
BNNS502 Exam 2 Questions With 100%
Verified Answers
Describe the location and function of the scrotum
- state the specific function of the cremaster & dartos muscles - answer✔location - outside of the
pelvic cavity at the root of the penis
function - regulate the temperature of the testes
cremaster - is a muscle that pulls testes closer to the pelvic floor (to the warmth of the body) in
cold conditions
dartos muscles - are muscles that contracts & wrinkles the scrotum (decreasing surface area for
heat loss) in cold conditions
state the 3 functions of the Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells - answer✔1. supports & provides
nutrients for cells while they undergo meiosis & develop into sperm
2. produce testicular fluid for transport of sperm
3. control release of sperm into lumen of the seminiferous tubule
define spermatogenesis (include the specific cells) - answer✔definition - the formation of sperm
by meiosis
spermatogenic cells - produce sperm cells
sustentacular cells - nourish developing sperm
interstitial cells - secrete testosterone
describe the specific functions of the acrosome, mitochondria & tail of the sperm cell -
answer✔acrosome - cap-like vesicle containing enzymes to help sperm penetrate the secondary
oocyte
midpiece - contains mitochondria which provide energy so the tail can propel the sperm
tail - propels the sperm
name the hormones involved in spermatogenesis beginning from the hypothalamus
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
- state 3 functions of testosterone - answer✔hypothalamus - increases secretion of GnRH
GnRH - stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete LH & FSH
LH - stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone
FSH - stimulates spermatogenesis
testosterone - controls the growth, development, functioning, & maintenance of sex organs,
stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, & stimulates
sperm maturation, bone growth, & protein synthesis
describe the location of and 3 functions of the epididymis - answer✔1. site for sperm to mature
& gain mobility
2. stores sperm
3. propels sperm into ductus deferens
state the function of the Ductus (vas) deferens) - answer✔transports sperm from the epididymis
to the urethra by peristalsis
name the structures located in the spermatic cord - answer✔testicular blood vessels, autonomic
nerves, lymphatic vessels, ductus deferens, & cremaster muscle
describe the location and state the function of; the seminal vesicles, the ejaculatory duct, the
prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands - answer✔seminal vesicles - along the back of the
bladder, add alkaline viscous fluid to sperm
ejaculatory duct - superior aspect of the prostate gland, ejects sperm & seminal vesicle secretions
into the urethra
prostate gland - encircles urethra & just inferior to the urinary bladder, contracts during
ejaculation squeezing glandular secretions into the urethra
bulbourethral glands - beneath the prostate gland & beginning of the penis, produces an alkaline
mucus that drains into the urethra & lubricates the male urethra
describe the function of the urethra
- explain why a male doesn't urinate during ejaculation - answer✔function - carries urine out of
the bladder & propels sperm
during ejaculation a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes preventing
urine from entering the urethra & preventing semen entering the urinary bladder
describe the pathway of sperm from site of production to exit from the body (name all the
structures that the sperm (and semen) pass through) - answer✔once leaving the testes,
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
epididymis, ductus deferens which then joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory
duct, urethra
describe two age related changes that occur in older men - answer✔1. testosterone levels
decrease resulting in decreased muscular strength, fewer viable sperm & decreased sexual desire
2. decrease in hormone production leads to decrease in quantity & quality of sperm
describe the changes to the reproductive system that occur with the onset of puberty - answer✔-
scrotum & testes grow larger
- penis becomes longer and the seminal vesicles and prostate gland grow
- development of secondary sex characteristics
revise the content & functions of the nucleus - answer✔- functions; control cellular structure,
directs cellular activities, and produces ribosomes
- contains; nucleoli and genes
define the terms, alleles, homozygous alleles & heterozygous alleles - answer✔- alleles;
alternative versions of a gene
- homozygous alleles; identical information for a trait
- heterozygous alleles; different information for a trait
name & describe the two different types of cell division
- include the end of each, the number of chromosomes in each new cell, the location of where the
cell division occurs and the type of division that occurs (e.g. mitosis & meiosis) - answer✔-
somatic cell division; aim is to replicate dead or injured cells or add new cells during tissue
growth, results in two genetically identical daughter cells, occurs via mitosis & cytokinesis
- reproductive cell division; aim is to produce the gamete cells (sperm & oocyte) required for the
next generation, results in four genetically variable daughter cells, occurs via meiosis
explain how genetic variation occurs - answer✔crossing over during meiosis 1 increases genetic
variation by exchanging of genes between homologous chromosome
define cancer and the terms malignant & benign tumours - answer✔cancer - group of diseases
that results from uncontrolled or abnormal cell proliferation
malignant - are tumours that undergo metastases (spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the
body)
benign - are tumours that don't metastases
